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The Inland Freight Equalization Margin (IFEM) is a regulatory measure implemented in Pakistan to equalize the price of petroleum products across different regions of the country. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It includes the costs for refineries to transport crude oil from its source to their facilities, as well as the expenses for Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs ...
Following the international credit crisis and spikes in crude oil prices, Pakistan's economy could not withstand the pressure, and on 11 October 2008, the State Bank of Pakistan reported that the country's foreign exchange reserves had gone down by $571.9 million to $7,749.7 million. [64]
The resulting complex, named Pakistani Oil Refinery, commenced operations in 1964. [6] It was inaugurated by Muhammad Ayub Khan, then President of Pakistan. The design capacity of the refinery was 1 million tons of crude oil per annum but was increased to 2.1 million tons per annum later. [4] [3]
Oil traders, Houston, 2009 Nominal price of oil from 1861 to 2020 from Our World in Data. The price of oil, or the oil price, generally refers to the spot price of a barrel (159 litres) of benchmark crude oil—a reference price for buyers and sellers of crude oil such as West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent Crude, Dubai Crude, OPEC Reference Basket, Tapis crude, Bonny Light, Urals oil ...
At its peak during 1986, the field was producing approximately 2,400 barrel of oil per day. It has grown steadily since then, producing both oil and, to a lesser degree, natural gas. [3] Oil production was entirely confined to the Punjab till 1981, when Union Texas Pakistan discovered its first oil-field in Lower Sindh. By 1998-1999, the Lower ...
Attock Petroleum started its operations in 1998 and is third largest oil marketing company in Pakistan as of 2018. [5] [2] In 2005, Attock was listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange, following an initial public offering at a strike price of PKR 57.75. [6] [7]
Pakistan State Oil Company Limited is a Pakistani petroleum public company involved in procurement, storage, marketing and distribution of petroleum and related products. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It has a network of 3,689 petroleum filling stations , out of which 3500 outlets serve the public retail sector and 189 outlets serve wholesale bulk customers.
At its peak during 1986, the field was producing approximately 2,400 barrel of oil per day. It has grown steadily since then, producing both oil and, to a lesser degree, natural gas. [3] Oil production was entirely confined to the Potwar Plateau till 1981, when Union Texas Pakistan subsidiary discovered its first oil-field in Lower Sindh. By ...