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Eugen Goldstein (/ ˈ ɔɪ ɡ ən / OY-gən, German: [ˈɔʏɡeːn ˈɡɔlt.ʃtaɪn, ˈɔʏɡn̩-]; 5 September 1850 – 25 December 1930) was a German physicist. He was an early investigator of discharge tubes, the discoverer of anode rays or canal rays, later identified as positive ions in the gas phase including the hydrogen ion.
They were first observed in 1859 by German physicist Julius Plücker and Johann Wilhelm Hittorf, [1] and were named in 1876 by Eugen Goldstein Kathodenstrahlen, or cathode rays. [2] [3] In 1897, British physicist J. J. Thomson showed that cathode rays were composed of a previously unknown negatively charged particle, which was later named the ...
Crookes tube with concave cathode. Eugen Goldstein in 1876 found that cathode rays were always emitted perpendicular to the cathode's surface. [22] [23] If the cathode was a flat plate, the rays were shot out in straight lines perpendicular to the plane of the plate. This was evidence that they were particles, because a luminous object, like a ...
An anode ray (also positive ray or canal ray) is a beam of positive ions that is created by certain types of gas-discharge tubes. They were first observed in Crookes tubes during experiments by the German scientist Eugen Goldstein, in 1886. [1] Later work on anode rays by Wilhelm Wien and J. J. Thomson led to the development of mass spectrometry.
Canal rays, also called anode rays, were observed by Eugen Goldstein, in 1886. Goldstein used a gas discharge tube which had a perforated cathode. The rays are produced in the holes (canals) in the cathode and travels in a direction opposite to the "cathode rays," which are streams of electrons.
1869: First observation of cathode rays by Johann Wilhelm Hittorf and Julius Plücker [441] 1870: Virial theorem by Rudolf Clausius [442] 1874: Refractometer by Ernst Abbe [443] 1883: First accurate electricity meter (Pendelzähler) by Hermann Aron [444] 1886: Discovery of anode rays by Eugen Goldstein [445]
Studied discharge tubes with energy rays extending from a negative electrode, the cathode. These rays, which he discovered but were later called cathode rays by Eugen Goldstein, produced a fluorescence when they hit a tube's glass walls and, when interrupted by a solid object, cast a shadow. 1869: William Crookes: Invented the Crookes tube. 1873
Eugen Goldstein dubbed them cathode rays. [19] [20] By the 1870s William Crookes [21] and others were able to evacuate glass tubes below 10 −6 atmospheres, and observed that the glow in the tube disappeared when the pressure was reduced but the glass behind the anode began to glow. Crookes was also able to show that the particles in the ...