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MT-ATP8 (or ATP8) is a mitochondrial gene with the full name 'mitochondrially encoded ATP synthase membrane subunit 8' that encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase, ATP synthase F o subunit 8 (or subunit A6L). This subunit belongs to the F o complex of the large, transmembrane F-type ATP synthase. [5]
Structure of a flippase, showing the two major subunits of the enzyme. Flippases are transmembrane lipid transporter proteins located in the cell membrane.They are responsible for aiding the movement of phospholipid molecules between the two layers, or leaflets, that compose the membrane (transverse diffusion, also known as a "flip-flop" transition).
Sav1866 is a homodimer of half transporters, and each subunit contains an N-terminal TMD with six helices and a C-terminal NBD. The NBDs are similar in structure to those of other ABC transporters, in which the two ATP binding sites are formed at the dimer interface between the Walker A motif of one NBD and the LSGGQ motif of the other.
The structure of the intact ATP synthase is currently known at low-resolution from electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) studies of the complex. The cryo-EM model of ATP synthase suggests that the peripheral stalk is a flexible structure that wraps around the complex as it joins F 1 to F O .
With respect to the MT-ATP6 reading frame (+3), the MT-ATP8 gene ends in the +1 reading frame with a TAG stop codon. The MT-ATP6 protein weighs 24.8 kDa and is composed of 226 amino acids . [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The protein is a subunit of the F 1 F o ATPase, also known as Complex V , which consists of 14 nuclear- and 2 mitochondrial-encoded subunits.
The fatty acid structure is one of the most fundamental categories of biological lipids and is commonly used as a building-block of more structurally complex lipids. The carbon chain, typically between four and 24 carbons long, [ 23 ] may be saturated or unsaturated , and may be attached to functional groups containing oxygen , halogens ...
The structure of this lipid differs in plants and animals, regarding fatty acid composition. In addition, phosphatidylserine plays an important role in the human brain content, as it makes up 13–15% of the phospholipids in the human cerebral cortex. This lipid is found in a wide range of places.
Membrane lipids are a group of compounds (structurally similar to fats and oils) which form the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The three major classes of membrane lipids are phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol. Lipids are amphiphilic: they have one end that is soluble in water ('polar') and an ending that is soluble in fat ...