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Shank buttons have a hollow protrusion on the back through which thread is sewn to attach the button. Button shanks may be a separate piece added to the back of a button, or be carved or moulded directly onto the back of the button, in which case the button is referred to by collectors as having a 'self-shank'; [1] self-shanks are a common construction for older shell and glass buttons.
A modern industrial knitting machine in action industrial circular knitting fabric machines. A knitting machine is a device used to create knitted fabrics in a semi or fully automated fashion. There are numerous types of knitting machines, ranging from simple spool or board templates with no moving parts to highly complex mechanisms controlled ...
A raised increase, knitting into row below (k-b, k 1 b) A lifted increase, knitting into the yarn between the stitches (inc, m1) Knit front and back (kfb) Purl front and back (, pass slipped stitch over (S1, K1, PSSO) for a left-leaning decrease. Knit two together through the back loops (K2tog tbl) for a left-leaning decrease.
The machines can produce a variety of topologies that were more difficult or impossible to create with knitting machines before, including: connected tubes, circles, open cuboids, and even spheres (for helmet shells and other preforms). Complete garment knitting requires two needle beds for three-dimensional structures (such as clothing).
There are also different ways to insert the needle into the stitch. Knitting through the front of a stitch is called Western knitting. Going through the back of a stitch is called Eastern knitting. A third method, called combination knitting, goes through the front of a knit stitch and the back of a purl stitch. [6]
The selvage (US English) or selvedge (British English) is the term for the self-finished edges of fabric. In woven fabric, selvages are the edges that run parallel to the warp, and are created by the weft thread looping back at the end of each row.
A flat-knitting machine is very flexible, allowing complex stitch designs, shaped knitting and precise width adjustment. It is, however, relatively slow when compared with a circular machine. A knitting speed of up to 0.5 metres per second (1.6 ft/s) or slower is considered "low speed" in flat knitting which is generally seen in hand-flat machines.
Circular knitting can also be performed by knitting machines: a double-bed machine can be set up to knit on its front bed in one direction and then its back bed on the return, which creates the tube. [2] [3] Specialized knitting machines for sock-knitting use individual latch-hook needles to make each stitch in a round frame. [4]