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  2. Crawl space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crawl_space

    A crawl space or crawlspace is an unoccupied, unfinished, narrow space within a building, between the ground and the first (or ground) floor. The crawl space is so named because there is typically only enough room to crawl rather than stand; anything larger than about 1 to 1.5 metres (3 ft 3 in to 4 ft 11 in) and beneath the ground floor would ...

  3. Basement waterproofing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basement_waterproofing

    Several measures exist to prevent water from penetrating a basement foundation or to divert water that has penetrated a foundation: French drain Interior wall and floor sealers; Interior water drainage; Exterior drainage; Exterior waterproofing coatings; Box type waterproofing [1] Foundation crack injections; French drains; Sump pump

  4. Substructure (engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substructure_(engineering)

    The substructure of a building transfers the load of the building to the ground and isolates it horizontally from the ground. This includes foundations and basement retaining walls. [1] It is differentiated from the superstructure. It safeguards the building against the forces of wind, uplift, soil pressure etc.

  5. Masonry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonry

    Concrete masonry units (CMUs) or blocks in a basement wall before burial. Blocks of cinder concrete (cinder blocks or breezeblocks), ordinary concrete (concrete blocks), or hollow tile are generically known as Concrete Masonry Units (CMUs). They usually are much larger than ordinary bricks and so are much faster to lay for a wall of a given size.

  6. Retaining wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retaining_wall

    A basement wall is thus one kind of retaining wall; however, the term usually refers to a cantilever retaining wall, which is a freestanding structure without lateral support at its top. [2] These are cantilevered from a footing and rise above the grade on one side to retain a higher level grade on the opposite side.

  7. Foundation (engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_(engineering)

    Foundation with pipe fixtures coming through the sleeves. In engineering, a foundation is the element of a structure which connects it to the ground or more rarely, water (as with floating structures), transferring loads from the structure to the ground. Foundations are generally considered either shallow or deep. [1]

  8. Concrete slab - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_slab

    A slab is ground-bearing if it rests directly on the foundation, otherwise the slab is suspended. [3] For multi-story buildings, there are several common slab designs (see § Design for more types): Beam and block, also referred to as rib and block, is mostly used in residential and industrial applications. This slab type is made up of pre ...

  9. Basement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basement

    Daylight basement homes typically appraise higher than standard-basement homes, since they include more viable living spaces. In some parts of the US, however, the appraisal for daylight basement space is half that of ground and above ground level square footage. Designs accommodated include split-foyer and split-level homes. Garages on both ...