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Sciatica may also occur during pregnancy, especially during later stages, as a result of the weight of the fetus pressing on the sciatic nerve during sitting or during leg spasms. [15] While most cases do not directly harm the woman or the fetus, indirect harm may come from the numbing effect on the legs, which can cause loss of balance and falls.
The sciatic nerve is highly mobile in the deep gluteal space with hip and even knee movements. [7] For example, hip flexion with knee extension (also called a straight leg raise) causes the sciatic nerve in the deep gluteal space to move 28mm towards the center of the body. [14] Hip movements may also create dynamic impingement between muscles.
In the early 1900s, dysfunction of the sacroiliac joint was a common diagnosis associated with low back and sciatic nerve pain. [18] However, research by Danforth and Wilson in 1925 concluded that the sacroiliac joint could not cause sciatic nerve pain because the joint does not have a canal in which the nerves can be entrapped against the ...
A heavily scrutinized anatomic variation involves sciatic nerve branching around the piriformis using the 6-category classification first described by Beaton and Anson. In this classification, the normal anatomy (type A) seen in about 80% of people is where the sciatic nerve passes under the piriformis muscle at the greater sciatic notch.
The sciatic nerve supplies sensation to the skin of the foot, as well as the entire lower leg (except for its inner side). Sensation to skin to the sole of the foot is provided by the tibial nerve, and the lower leg and upper surface of the foot via the common fibular nerve. [2]: 422–4 The sciatic nerve also innervates muscles.
1764: Domenico Cotugno describes sciatica as a disease of nervous origin. [89] 1881: Lasegue's sign is described for the diagnosis of sciatica. [90] 1916: Tardy nerve palsy is described in ulnar nerve. [91] 1934: Theory that a spinal disc pressing on the spinal cord can cause sciatica is introduced. [92] 1947: Piriformis syndrome is described. [93]
Patients that experience light to mild symptoms are commonly treated through physical therapy, which involves stretching and strengthening the lower back, abdominal (core) and leg muscles. [19] Common stretches used include the knee to chest stretch, posterior pelvic tilt, neural stretching of the legs, hip-flexor stretch and lower trunk rotation .
Tension myositis syndrome (TMS), also known as tension myoneural syndrome or mindbody syndrome, is a name given by John E. Sarno to what he claimed was a condition of psychogenic musculoskeletal and nerve symptoms, most notably back pain.