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  2. Separation of church and state in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_church_and...

    Board of Education (1947), Justice Hugo Black wrote: "In the words of Thomas Jefferson, the clause against establishment of religion by law was intended to erect a wall of separation between church and state." In contrast to this emphasis on separation, the Supreme Court in Zorach v.

  3. Everson v. Board of Education - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everson_v._Board_of_Education

    Everson confirmed that the Supreme Court would interpret the Establishment Clause to protect against more than the establishment of a state church. The "wall of separation" was a principle of the founding age that prohibited any government aid to religion.

  4. Separation of church and state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state

    The metaphor "a wall of separation between Church and State" used by Jefferson in the above quoted letter became a part of the First Amendment jurisprudence of the U.S. Supreme Court. It was first used by Chief Justice Morrison Waite in Reynolds v. United States (1878).

  5. Reynolds v. United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynolds_v._United_States

    Reynolds v. United States, 98 U.S. 145 (1878), was a Supreme Court of the United States case which held that religious duty was not a defense to a criminal indictment. [1] Reynolds was the first Supreme Court opinion to address the First Amendment's protection of religious liberties, impartial juries and the Confrontation Clauses of the Sixth ...

  6. Establishment Clause - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Establishment_Clause

    First Amendment Library entry for Establishment Clause Cases (with links to all of the Supreme Court's Establishment Clause cases) Defending Jefferson's "wall of separation" metaphor Archived December 9, 2010, at the Wayback Machine; Religious Expression in American Public Life: A Joint Statement of Current Law

  7. Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_Forge_Christian...

    Americans United for Separation of Church and State, 454 U.S. 464 (1982), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the court refused to expand the Flast v. Cohen exception to the taxpayer standing rule.

  8. Carson v. Makin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carson_v._Makin

    Carson v. Makin, 596 U.S. 767 (2022), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case related to the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

  9. Zorach v. Clauson - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zorach_v._Clauson

    Zorach v. Clauson, 343 U.S. 306 (1952), was a release time case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that a school district allowing students to leave a public school for part of the day to receive off-site religious instruction did not violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.