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Alternative splicing, alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing, is an alternative splicing process during gene expression that allows a single gene to produce different splice variants. For example, some exons of a gene may be included within or excluded from the final RNA product of the gene. [ 1 ]
Alternative splicing (the re-combination of different exons) is a major source of genetic diversity in eukaryotes. Splice variants have been used to account for the relatively small number of protein coding genes in the human genome , currently estimated at around 20,000.
There are multiple alternative splicing modes: exon skipping (most common splicing mode in humans and higher eukaryotes), mutually exclusive exons, alternative donor or acceptor sites, intron retention (most common splicing mode in plants, fungi, and protozoa), alternative transcription start site (promoter), and alternative polyadenylation. [118]
Alternative Splicing Annotation Project (ASAP) in computational biology was a database for alternative splicing data maintained by the University of California from 2003 to 2013. [2] The purpose of ASAP was to provide a source for data mining projects by consolidating the information generated by genomics and proteomics researchers.
Alternative splicing expands the protein complements in eukaryotes. Just as with 5’-capping and splicing, the CTD tail is involved in recruiting enzymes responsible for 3’-polyadenylation , the final RNA processing event that is coupled with the termination of transcription.
The splice-site mutations all destabilize a potential stem–loop structure which is most likely involved in regulating the alternative splicing of exon10 in chromosome 17. Consequently, more usage occurs on the 5' splice site and an increased proportion of tau transcripts that include exon 10 are created.
The Human-transcriptome DataBase for Alternative Splicing (H-DBAS) is a database of alternatively spliced human transcripts based on H-Invitational. [1] See also
SpliceInfo is a database for the four major alternative-splicing modes (exon skipping, 5'-alternative splicing, 3'-alternative splicing and intron retention) in the human genome. [1] This resource appears to be no longer available. [2]
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