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Frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) is a channel access method used in some multiple-access protocols. FDMA allows multiple users to send data through a single communication channel, such as a coaxial cable or microwave beam, by dividing the bandwidth of the channel into separate non-overlapping frequency sub-channels and allocating each sub-channel to a separate user.
In the WDMA case, different network nodes in a bus or hub network get a different color. [7] An advanced form of FDMA is the orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) scheme, for example, used in 4G cellular communication systems. In OFDMA, each node may use several sub-carriers, making it possible to provide different quality of ...
NNTP—Network News Transfer Protocol; NOC—Network Operations Center; NOP—No OPeration; NOS—Network Operating System; NP—Nondeterministic Polynomial time; NPL—Netscape Public License; NPTL—Native POSIX Thread Library; NPU—Network Processing Unit; NS—Netscape; NSIS—Nullsoft Scriptable Install System; NSPR—Netscape Portable ...
The mobile transmits at the beginning of the time slot as received from the network. If the mobile is near the base station, the propagation delay is short and the initiation can succeed. If, however, the mobile phone is just less than 35 km from the base station, the delay will mean the mobile's transmission arrives at the end of the time slot.
Sowa's research interests since the 1970s were in the field of artificial intelligence, expert systems and database query linked to natural languages. [4] In his work he combines ideas from numerous disciplines and eras modern and ancient, for example, applying ideas from Aristotle, the medieval scholastics to Alfred North Whitehead and including database schema theory, and incorporating the ...
Network architecture is the design of a computer network.It is a framework for the specification of a network's physical components and their functional organization and configuration, its operational principles and procedures, as well as communication protocols used.
The NPL network, or NPL Data Communications Network, was a local area computer network operated by a team from the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in London that pioneered the concept of packet switching. Based on designs first conceived by Donald Davies in 1965, development work began in 1966. Construction began in 1968 and elements of the ...
CT2 was deployed in a number of countries, including Britain and France. In Britain, the Ferranti Zonephone system was the first public network to go live in 1989, and the much larger Rabbit network – backed by Hong Kong's Hutchison Telecommunications – operated from 1992 to 1993. [4] In France, the Bi-Bop network ran