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Utu is a Māori concept of reciprocation or balance.. To retain mana, both friendly and unfriendly actions require an appropriate response; that is, utu covers both the reciprocation of kind deeds, [1] and the seeking of revenge.
Muru is a concept in Māori culture, describing acts of compensation for wrongdoing, either between hapū (sub-tribes), whānau (extended families) or individuals. A form of utu, muru is a process of restorative justice to restore balance in relationships and society.
Te Ao Mārama is a concept of the world in Māori culture. Te Ao Mārama, also known as Te Ao Tūroa ("The Long-Standing World"), [1] refers to the physical plane of existence that is inhabited by people, and is associated with knowledge and understanding. The phrase is variously translated as "The World of Light", "the World of Understanding ...
Io Matua Kore, the supreme being; personification of light and the world of the living and the forest. Kahukura, a war god who appears as the upper bow of a double rainbow. Kiwa, one of several divine guardians of the ocean. Makeatutara, the father of Māui and guardian of the underworld. Maru, the god of freshwater, southern god of war.
According to the New Zealand Ministry of Justice: Mana and tapu are concepts which have both been attributed single-worded definitions by contemporary writers. As concepts, especially Maori concepts they can not easily be translated into a single English definition.
Muru is the negative or revenge side of the Māori cultural practice of utu, carried out by taua, which can be either positive or negative. It was within Māori traditions for a taua to conduct muru against hapu who had no involvement in the events that caused the death of the chief. [4]
In the course of her judgement on that case, Chief Justice of New Zealand Sian Elias stated that "Māori custom according to tikanga is... part of the values of the New Zealand common law." [7] Justice Joe Williams has written and studied tikanga and the New Zealand law. In his future vision there is a phase "when tikanga Māori fuses with New ...
Other terms relate to Māori customs. All of these words are commonly encountered in New Zealand English, and several (such as kiwi) are widely used across other varieties of English, and in other languages. The Māori alphabet includes both long and short vowels, which change the meaning of words. [1]