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Steiner claimed that the number of conics tangent to 5 given conics in general position is 7776 = 6 5, but later realized this was wrong. [2] The correct number 3264 was found in about 1859 by Ernest de Jonquières who did not publish because of Steiner's reputation, and by Chasles using his theory of characteristics, [3] and by Berner in 1865.
One says that “the affine plane does not have a good intersection theory”, and intersection theory on non-projective varieties is much more difficult. A line on a P 1 × P 1 (which can also be interpreted as the non-singular quadric Q in P 3) has self-intersection 0, since a line can be moved off itself. (It is a ruled surface.)
Fulton and MacPherson extended the Chow ring to singular varieties by defining the "operational Chow ring" and more generally a bivariant theory associated to any morphism of schemes. [13] A bivariant theory is a pair of covariant and contravariant functors that assign to a map a group and a ring respectively.
The second potential problem is that even if the intersection is zero-dimensional, it may be non-transverse, for example, if V is a plane curve and W is one of its tangent lines. The first problem requires the machinery of intersection theory, discussed above in detail, which replaces V and W by more convenient subvarieties using the moving lemma.
The correct number 3264 was found by Berner in 1865 and by Ernest de Jonquieres around 1859 and by Chasles in 1864 using his theory of characteristics. However these results, like many others in classical intersection theory, do not seem to have been given complete proofs until the work of Fulton and Macpherson in about 1978. Dirichlet's principle.
encodes all the intersection indices as its coefficients. Witten's conjecture states that the partition function Z = exp F is a τ-function for the KdV hierarchy , in other words it satisfies a certain series of partial differential equations corresponding to the basis { L − 1 , L 0 , L 1 , … } {\displaystyle \{L_{-1},L_{0},L_{1},\ldots ...
To be precise, they develop the intersection theory by a way of solving the problems of residual intersections (namely, by the use of the Segre class of a normal cone to an intersection.) A generalization to a situation where the assumption on regular embedding is weakened is due to Kleiman (1981).
The study of moduli spaces of curves, maps and other geometric objects, sometimes via the theory of quantum cohomology. The study of quantum cohomology, Gromov–Witten invariants and mirror symmetry gave a significant progress in Clemens conjecture. Enumerative geometry is very closely tied to intersection theory. [1]