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The second antenna is a reference antenna, which points rigidly at the first antenna. Each antenna is alternately connected to a transmitter having a particular source impedance, and a receiver having the same input impedance (the impedance may differ between the two antennas).
English: Diagram of a corner reflector antenna. It consists of a half wave dipole antenna mounted in front of two flat rectangular reflectors joined at an angle θ which is usually 90°. The reflector is usually made of rods parallel to the dipole element.
The antenna pattern is the response of the antenna to a plane wave incident from a given direction or the relative power density of the wave transmitted by the antenna in a given direction. For a reciprocal antenna, these two patterns are identical. A multitude of antenna pattern measurement techniques have been developed.
Patch antenna gain pattern. A directional antenna or beam antenna is an antenna which radiates or receives greater radio wave power in specific directions. Directional antennas can radiate radio waves in beams, when greater concentration of radiation in a certain direction is desired, or in receiving antennas receive radio waves from one specific direction only.
Forms of the reciprocity theorems are used in many electromagnetic applications, such as analyzing electrical networks and antenna systems. [1] For example, reciprocity implies that antennas work equally well as transmitters or receivers, and specifically that an antenna's radiation and receiving patterns are identical.
English: Diagram of a J-pole antenna, a vertical end-fed half-wave omnidirectional transmitting antenna used in the shortwave frequency bands. It consists of a vertical element a half wavelength (/) long, fed in series with a quarter wavelength (/) transmission line stub, with the coaxial cable feedline (F) from the transmitter attached along the stub.
Reciprocity in electrical networks is a property of a circuit that relates voltages and currents at two points. The reciprocity theorem states that the current at one point in a circuit due to a voltage at a second point is the same as the current at the second point due to the same voltage at the first.