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Meta-ethical moral relativism holds that moral judgments contain an (implicit or explicit) indexical such that, to the extent they are truth-apt, their truth-value changes with context of use. [1] [2] Normative moral relativism holds that everyone ought to tolerate the behavior of others even when large disagreements about morality exist. [3]
Moral universalism (also called moral objectivism) is the meta-ethical position that some system of ethics, or a universal ethic, applies universally, that is, for "all similarly situated individuals", [1] regardless of culture, race, sex, religion, nationality, sexual orientation, gender identity, or any other distinguishing feature. [2]
Ethical subjectivism is a completely distinct concept from moral relativism. [17] Ethical subjectivism claims that the truth or falsehood of ethical claims is dependent on the mental states and attitudes of people, but these ethical truths may be universal (i.e. one person or group's mental states may determine what is right or wrong for ...
Moral objectivism: There is a fact of the matter as to whether any given action is morally permissible or impermissible: a fact of the matter that does not depend solely on social custom or individual acceptance. Ethical theories which place strong emphasis on rights and duty, such as the deontological ethics of Immanuel Kant, are often forms ...
Relativism is a family of philosophical views which deny claims to objectivity within a particular domain and assert that valuations in that domain are relative to the perspective of an observer or the context in which they are assessed. [1]
Objectivism is a philosophical system named and developed by Russian-American writer and philosopher Ayn Rand.She described it as "the concept of man as a heroic being, with his own happiness as the moral purpose of his life, with productive achievement as his noblest activity, and reason as his only absolute".
Moral objectivism may refer to: Moral realism, the meta-ethical position that ethical sentences express factual propositions that refer to objective features of the world; Moral universalism, the meta-ethical position that some system of ethics or morality is universally valid; The ethical branch of Ayn Rand's philosophy of Objectivism
[25] [26] A number of theories have been developed for how we access objective moral truths, including ethical intuitionism and moral sense theory. [27] Another criticism of moral realism put forth by Mackie is that it can offer no plausible explanation for cross-cultural moral differences— ethical relativism. "The actual variations in the ...