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In this diagram of a duplicated chromosome, (2) identifies the centromere—the region that joins the two sister chromatids, or each half of the chromosome. In prophase of mitosis, specialized regions on centromeres called kinetochores attach chromosomes to spindle fibers. The centromere links a pair of sister chromatids together during cell ...
In contrast, less condensed chromatin (Euchromatin)—which tends to be rich with guanine and cytosine and more transcriptionally active—incorporates less Giemsa stain, and these regions appear as light bands in G-banding. [3] The pattern of bands are numbered on each arm of the chromosome from the centromere to the telomere.
The largest regions on each chromosome are the short arm p and the long arm q, separated by a narrow region near the center called the centromere. [1] Other specific regions have also been defined, some of which are similarly found on every chromosome, while others are only present in certain chromosomes. Named regions include: Arms (p and q ...
Recent studies indicate that the structure of the N-terminal Shugoshin may be important for centromeric localisation, this is because it has been observed that the N-terminal fragment was the only part of the protein to localise at the centromere. [5] Another study has shown that the N-terminal region bundles short microtubules in vitro. This ...
A sister chromatid refers to the identical copies formed by the DNA replication of a chromosome, with both copies joined together by a common centromere. In other words, a sister chromatid may also be said to be 'one-half' of the duplicated chromosome. A pair of sister chromatids is called a dyad.
For example, minisatellite DNA is a short region (1-5 kb) of repeating elements with length >9 nucleotides. Whereas microsatellites in DNA sequences are considered to have a length of 1-8 nucleotides. [8] The difference in how many of the repeats is present in the region (length of the region) is the basis for DNA profiling. [citation needed]
B: Centromere C: Long arm (q arm) D: Sister chromatids. All chromosomes in animals have a long arm (known as q) and a short arm (known as p), separated by a region called the centromere. Robertsonian translocations can only occur between chromosomes which have the centromere very close to one end.
Image of kinetochores in pink. A kinetochore (/ k ɪ ˈ n ɛ t ə k ɔːr /, /-ˈ n iː t ə k ɔːr /) is a flared oblique-shaped protein structure associated with duplicated chromatids in eukaryotic cells where the spindle fibers, which can be thought of as the ropes pulling chromosomes apart, attach during cell division to pull sister chromatids apart. [1]