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The Old Testament allusions appear to suggest that the author thought God would call to account Israel's leaders for maltreating Christ, and that the covenant will pass to the gentiles who follow Christ, [21] a view that arose in intersectarian polemics in Judaism between the followers of Christ and the Jewish leadership. [22]
The inclusion of Gentiles into Judaism posed a problem for the Jewish-Christian identity of some of the proto-Christians, [18] [19] [20] since the new converts did not follow all the tenets of the Mosaic Law; circumcision in particular was regarded as a token of the membership of the Abrahamic covenant, and the most traditionalist faction of ...
Israelites being properly the chosen people of God is found directly in the Book of Deuteronomy 7:6 [1] as the verb baḥar (בָּחַר), and is alluded to elsewhere in the Hebrew Bible using other terms such as "holy people" as goy or gentile, Book of Exodus 19:6. [2] Much is written about these topics in rabbinic literature.
The Council of Jerusalem is generally dated to 48 AD, roughly 15 to 25 years after the crucifixion of Jesus, between 26 and 36 AD. Acts 15 and Galatians 2 both suggest that the meeting was called to debate whether male Gentiles who were converting to become followers of Jesus were required to become circumcised; the rite of circumcision was considered execrable and repulsive during the period ...
The Latin words gentes/gentilis – which also referred to peoples or nations – began to be used to describe non-Jews in parallel with the evolution of the word goy in Hebrew. Based on the Latin model, the English word "gentile" came to mean non-Jew from the time of the first English-language Bible translations in the 1500s (see Gentile).
According to historian Shaye J. D. Cohen, "the separation of Christianity from Judaism was a process, not an event", in which the church became "more and more gentile, and less and less Jewish". [ 119 ] [ note 12 ] According to Cohen, early Christianity ceased to be a Jewish sect when it ceased to observe Jewish practices, such as circumcision ...
Commonwealth of Israel is the English translation of the Greek πολιτείας (politeias) mentioned in Ephesians 2:12.The context of the surrounding verses, Ephesians 2:11-13, implies the uniting of Gentiles with Jews, whom had historically been God's heritage [1] and the object of God's promises.
And because the Samaritans, though more readily disposed to be converted to the faith, were yet at enmity with the Jews, He would not suffer the Samaritans to be preached to before the Jews." [3] Glossa Ordinaria: "The Samaritans were Gentiles who had been settled in the land of Israel by the king of Assyria after the captivity which he made ...