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A mujtahid (Arabic: مُجْتَهِد, "diligent") is an individual who is qualified to exercise ijtihad in the evaluation of Islamic law. The female equivalent is a mujtahida . In general mujtahids must have an extensive knowledge of Arabic, the Qur'an, the Sunnah , and legal theory ( Usul al-fiqh ). [ 89 ]
A Mujtahid Muqayyad must pass rulings according to the confines of his particular madhhab (school of jurisprudence), or particular area of specialization. [6] This is according to the view that ijtihad or the ability of legal deduction can be achieved in specified areas, and does not require a holistic grasp of the Shariah and its entailing ...
If there is no derivation involved due to the explicitness of the ruling in the Quran and prophetic tradition, then such a person is not, by definition, a mujtahid. In order for Qiyas to be used in Islamic law, three things are necessary. First, there must be a new case for which the Quran and Sunnah of the Prophet do not provide a clear ruling.
According to Taqi al-Din al-Subki, there was an consensus among Muslims that Ibn Daqiq al-'Id "was a mujtahid mutlaq (absolute/autonomous mujtahid) with complete knowledge of legal sciences" as well as the mujaddid in the 8th Islamic century. [11]
A copy of the Qur'an, one of the primary sources of Sharia. The Qur'an is the first and most important source of Islamic law. Believed to be the direct word of God as revealed to Muhammad through angel Gabriel in Mecca and Medina, the scripture specifies the moral, philosophical, social, political and economic basis on which a society should be constructed.
A jurist who is qualified to practice ijtihad is known as a mujtahid. [12] The use of independent reasoning to arrive at a ruling is contrasted with taqlīd (imitation), which refers to following the rulings of a mujtahid. [12]
In Shia Islam, taqlid "denotes the following or "imitating" of the dictates of a mujtahid". [10] Following the greater occultation ( al-ghaybatu 'l-kubra ) in 941 CE (329 AH), the Twelver Shia are obliged to observe taqlid in their religious jurisprudential affairs by following the teachings of a thinker ( mujtahid ) or jurist ( faqih ). [ 11 ]
Imam Al-Shafi'i told the old man this verse was a proof for Ijma from the Quran and he was satisfied. Another proof of Ijma from the Quran is in Surah Luqman ( 31:15 ) in which Allah mentions "and follow the way of those who turn to Me in devotion"