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Interleukin 5 (IL5), also known as eosinophil differentiation factor (EDF), is a lineage-specific cytokine for eosinophilpoiesis. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] It regulates eosinophil growth and activation, [ 17 ] and thus plays an important role in diseases associated with increased levels of eosinophils, including asthma. [ 18 ]
IL-18 is known as a factor that induces the production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ). [29] It is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that shares similar biological effects to IL-12 and structural forms with the IL-1 family. Together with IL-12 it mediates cellular immunity. It binds to the IL-18Rα receptor.
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, which is a type of cytokine signaling molecule forming part of the immune system.It is a 15.5–16 kDa protein [5] that regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often lymphocytes) that are responsible for immunity.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α also trigger pathological pain. [1] While IL-1β is released by monocytes and macrophages, it is also present in nociceptive DRG neurons. IL-6 plays a role in neuronal reaction to an injury. TNF-α is a well known proinflammatory cytokine present in neurons and the glia.
IL-8 is the primary cytokine involved in the recruitment of neutrophils to the site of damage or infection; in a process called chemotaxis.A number of variables are essential for the successful chemotaxis of neutrophils, including the increased expression of high affinity adhesion molecules to secure the neutrophil to the endothelium near the affected site (and is therefore not washed away ...
IL-12 binds to the IL-12 receptor, which is a heterodimeric receptor formed by IL-12Rβ1 and IL-12Rβ2. [6] IL-12Rβ2 is considered to play a key role in IL-12 function, since it is found on activated T cells and is stimulated by cytokines that promote Th1 cells development and inhibited by those that promote Th2 cells development.
This can be resulted from an allergic reaction brought about when facing an Ala gene. IL-13 also binds to another receptor known as IL-13Rα2. [11] IL-13Rα2 (which is labelled as a decoy receptor) is derived from Th2 cells and is a pleotropic immune regulatory cytokine. [11] IL-13 has greater affinity (50-times) to IL-13Rα2 than to IL-13Ra1. [11]
IL-25 induces the production of other cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in multiple tissues, which stimulate the expansion of eosinophils. This cytokine is an important molecule controlling immunity of the gut [16] and has been implicated in chronic inflammation associated with the gastrointestinal tract. IL-25 can kill some types of ...