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The Neurological Pupil index, or NPi, is an algorithm developed by NeurOptics, Inc., that removes subjectivity from the pupillary evaluation. A patient's pupil measurement (including variables such as size, latency, constriction velocity, dilation velocity, etc.) is obtained using a pupillometer, and the measurement is compared against a normative model of pupil reaction to light and ...
For more than 100 years, clinicians have evaluated the pupils of patients with suspected or known brain injury or impaired consciousness to monitor neurological status and trends, checking for pupil size and reactivity to light. [3]
The cranial nerve exam is a type of neurological examination. It is used to identify problems with the cranial nerves by physical examination. It has nine components. Each test is designed to assess the status of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves (I-XII). These components correspond to testing the sense of smell (I), visual fields and ...
Light from a single point of a distant object and light from a single point of a near object being brought to a focus. The accommodation reflex (or accommodation-convergence reflex) is a reflex action of the eye, in response to focusing on a near object, then looking at a distant object (and vice versa), comprising coordinated changes in vergence, lens shape (accommodation) and pupil size.
Pupillary response is a physiological response that varies the size of the pupil, via the optic and oculomotor cranial nerve. A constriction response (miosis), [1] is the narrowing of the pupil, which may be caused by scleral buckles or drugs such as opiates / opioids or anti-hypertension medications. Constriction of the pupil occurs when the ...
Specialty. Ophthalmology, Optometry. A relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), also known as a Marcus Gunn pupil (after Robert Marcus Gunn), is a medical sign observed during the swinging-flashlight test [1] whereupon the patient's pupils excessively dilate when a bright light is swung from the unaffected eye to the affected eye.
89.13. MeSH. D009460. [edit on Wikidata] A neurological examination is the assessment of sensory neuron and motor responses, especially reflexes, to determine whether the nervous system is impaired. This typically includes a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history, [1] but not deeper investigation such as neuroimaging.
Argyll Robertson pupil. Argyll Robertson pupils (AR pupils) are bilateral small pupils that reduce in size on a near object (i.e., they accommodate), but do not constrict when exposed to bright light (i.e., they do not react). They are a highly specific sign of neurosyphilis; however, Argyll Robertson pupils may also be a sign of diabetic ...