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Tumours (benign or malignant) of endocrine glands Endocrine disorders are often quite complex, involving a mixed picture of hyposecretion and hypersecretion because of the feedback mechanisms involved in the endocrine system.
A gout flare comes on suddenly, and symptoms are often intense. This will most commonly happen at night. Gout in foot joints is most common, with gout often affecting the big toe joint.
The process occurs as follows: in some hypothalamic cells there are osmoreceptors which respond to hyperosmolality in body fluids by signalling the posterior pituitary gland to secrete ADH. [6] This keeps serum sodium concentration – a proxy for solute concentration – at normal levels, prevents hypernatremia and turns off the osmoreceptors. [7]
The various signs and symptoms in Sheehan's syndrome are caused by damage to the pituitary, thereby causing a decrease in one or more of the hormones it normally secretes. Since the pituitary controls many glands in the endocrine system, partial or complete loss of a variety of functions may result. [5]
Hypopituitarism is the decreased (hypo) secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain. [1] [2] If there is decreased secretion of one specific pituitary hormone, the condition is known as selective hypopituitarism. [3]
Hypophysitis, inflammation of the pituitary gland. Autoimmune hypophysitis (or lymphocytic hypophysitis), inflammation of the pituitary gland due to autoimmunity. Nelson's syndrome, may occur after surgical removal of both adrenal glands, an out-dated method of treating Cushing's disease. Pituitary tumour, a tumor of the pituitary gland.
Numerous symptoms and signs are associated with hypothyroidism and can be related to the underlying cause, or a direct effect of not having enough thyroid hormones. [15] [16] Hashimoto's thyroiditis may present with the mass effect of a goiter (enlarged thyroid gland). [15] In middle-aged women, the symptoms may be mistaken for those of ...
The underlying mechanism generally involves problems with the pituitary gland. [2] Some cases are associated with a lack of other pituitary hormones, in which case it is known as combined pituitary hormone deficiency. [4] Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure growth hormone levels. [2]