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The personalised nature of the Shah's government, where prevention of any possible competitor to the monarch trumped efficient and effective government and led to the crown's cultivation of divisions within the army and the political elite, [91] ultimately leading to a lack of support for the regime by its natural allies when needed most ...
Khomeini immediately blamed the Shah and SAVAK for setting the fire, and, [17] [18] [19] due to the pervasive revolutionary atmosphere, the public also blamed the Shah for starting the fire, despite the government's insistence that they were uninvolved. Tens of thousands of people took to the streets shouting "Burn the Shah!"
As Shah of Iran as well as an Iranian citizen, I cannot but approve your revolution." [27] [28] November 6: General Gholam Reza Azhari appointed as the prime minister. Enforces martial law. [citation needed] November 8: Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi arrests thirteen prominent members of his own regime. [citation needed]
During the 1978–79 overthrow of the Pahlavi government, protestors were fired upon by troops and prisoners were executed. The real and imaginary human rights violations contributed directly to the Shah's demise, [42] (although some have argued so did his scruples in not violating human rights more as urged by his generals [43]).
Khomeini immediately blamed the Shah and SAVAK for setting the fire, and, [9] [107] [130] due to the pervasive revolutionary atmosphere, the public also blamed the Shah for starting the fire, despite the government's insistence that they were uninvolved. Tens of thousands of people took to the streets shouting "Burn the Shah!"
Students studying to be imams at Qom were most active in the protests, and Ayatollah Khomeini emerged as one of the leaders, giving sermons calling for the Shah's overthrow. [131] At least 200 people were killed, with the police throwing some students to their deaths from high buildings, and Khomeini was exiled to Iraq in 4 October 1965. [132]
The protests sparked by her death were "unlike any the country had seen before", [206] the "biggest challenge" to the government, [207] with 10,000s arrested and over 500 killed. [208] By September 2023, the protests had been crushed and authorities were working to crackdown on bareheaded women and restore compulsory hijab.
A coup d'état, often abbreviated to coup, is the overthrow of a lawful government through illegal means. If force or violence are not involved, such an event is sometimes called a soft or bloodless coup. In another variation, a ruler who came to power through legal means may try to stay in power through illegal means, thus preventing the next ...