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Cubic zirconia is relatively hard, 8–8.5 on the Mohs scale—slightly harder than most semi-precious natural gems. [1] Its refractive index is high at 2.15–2.18 (compared to 2.42 for diamonds) and its luster is Adamantine lustre. Its dispersion is very high at 0.058–0.066, exceeding that of diamond (0.044).
[11] [12] [13] Zirconia stabilized with yttria (yttrium oxide), known as yttria-stabilized zirconia, can be used as a strong base material in some full ceramic crown restorations. [12] [14] Transformation-toughened zirconia is used to make ceramic knives. [15] Because of the hardness, ceramic-edged cutlery stays sharp longer than steel edged ...
Zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2) is used in laboratory crucibles, in metallurgical furnaces, and as a refractory material [13] Because it is mechanically strong and flexible, it can be sintered into ceramic knives and other blades. [51] Zircon (ZrSiO 4) and cubic zirconia (ZrO 2) are cut into gemstones for use in jewelry.
Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) crystal structure. Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is a ceramic in which the cubic crystal structure of zirconium dioxide is made stable at room temperature by an addition of yttrium oxide. These oxides are commonly called "zirconia" (Zr O 2) and "yttria" (Y 2 O 3), hence the name.
Cubic zirconia can be coated with diamond-like carbon to improve its durability, but will still be detected as CZ by a thermal probe. CZ had virtually no competition until the 1998 introduction of moissanite (SiC; silicon carbide). Moissanite is superior to cubic zirconia in two ways: its hardness (8.5–9.25) and low SG (3.2).
Then cubic zirconia came out, with way more fire than diamonds, more than enough hardness not to get scratched by dust (mostly quartz, Moh's hardness of 7), less colour, more clarity, good resistance to chemicals and thermal shock, less brittleness than diamonds (diamonds chip easily; cubic zirconia can, like corundum/sapphire, actually be used ...