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Arkansas Historical Quarterly 57.3 (1998): 287–308. online; Taylor, Orville. Negro Slavery in Arkansas (1958; reprinted University of Arkansas Press, 2000). online; Wintory, Blake J. "African-American legislators in the Arkansas general assembly, 1868–1893." Arkansas Historical Quarterly 65.4 (2006): 385–434. online
Took a leadership role in the battle against segregation in Arkansas. [28] Little Rock: Arkansas State Press: 1984 [30] 1998 [29] Weekly [30] LCCN sn90050043; OCLC 10766826 "Dedicated to the memory of L. Christopher Bates." A revival of the Arkansas State Press of the 1940s and 1950s. [29] Little Rock: Arkansas Survey: 1923 [31] 1935 [31 ...
1.3 Arkansas. 1.4 California. 1.5 Canada. 1.6 ... In Oklahoma before the end of segregation there existed dozens of these communities as many African-American ...
In 2019, 169 out of 209 metropolitan regions in the U.S. were more segregated than in 1990, a new analysis finds
A sundown town is an all-White community that shows or has shown hostility toward non-Whites. Sundown town practices may be evoked in the form of city ordinances barring people of color after dark, exclusionary covenants for housing opportunity, signage warning ethnic groups to vacate, unequal treatment by local law enforcement, and unwritten rules permitting harassment.
Kirk, John A. "Not Quite Black and White: School Desegregation in Arkansas, 1954–1966," Arkansas Historical Quarterly (2011) 70#3 pp 225–257 JSTOR 23193404; Kirk, John A., ed. An Epitaph for Little Rock: A Fiftieth Anniversary Retrospective on the Central High Crisis (University of Arkansas Press, 2008). ISBN 978-1-55728-874-5.
De jure segregation was outlawed by the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968. [12] In specific areas, however, segregation was barred earlier by the Warren Court in decisions such as the Brown v. Board of Education decision that overturned school segregation in the United States.
The Arkansas State Press was an African-American newspaper published from 1941 to 1959. [4] [2] Dubbed "Little Rock's leading African-American newspaper," its owners and editors were Daisy Bates and L. C. Bates. According to historians, the newspaper was "believed by many to be instrumental in bringing about the desegregation of the Little Rock ...