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Australia's population has quadrupled since the end of World War I, [81] much of this increase from immigration. Australia has the world's eighth-largest immigrant population, with immigrants accounting for 30% of the population, a higher proportion than in any other nation with a population of over 10 million.
Underpopulation is usually defined as a state in which a country's population has declined too much to support its current economic system. [29] Population decline can cause internal population pressures that then lead to secondary effects such as ethnic conflict, forced refugee flows, and hyper-nationalism. [30]
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. [ N 5 ] It has a total area of 7,688,287 km 2 (2,968,464 sq mi), making it the sixth-largest country in the world and the largest in Oceania .
The Census in Australia, officially the Census of Population and Housing, is the national census in Australia that occurs every five years. [1] The census collects key demographic, social and economic data from all people in Australia on census night, including overseas visitors and residents of Australian external territories, only excluding foreign diplomats. [2]
A falling population caused by sub-replacement fertility and/or longer life spans means that the growing size of the retired population relative to the size of the labor force, known as population ageing, may cause a crisis in end of life care for the elderly because of insufficient caregivers for them. [9]
First introduced in 1990, the “dollar-a-day” poverty line measured absolute poverty according to the standards of the world's poorest countries. The World Bank defined the new international poverty line as $1.27 a day for 2005 (equivalent to $1.00 a day in 1996 US prices) [4] but it was later updated to $1.25 and $2.50 per day. [5]
Australia has an ageing demographic. [1] The proportion of the Australian population aged 65 and over was 15% in 2017, a trend which is expected to continue to grow. [2] It is estimated that by 2057 older people will account for 22% of the Australian population which translates to 8.8 million people. [3]
The Women's Christian Temperance Union also established branches in most Australian colonies in the 1880s, promoting votes for women and a range of social causes. [206] Female suffrage, and the right to stand for office, was first won in South Australia in 1895. [ 207 ]