Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane. [1] It is also defined as the measure of the tendency of a solution to take in its pure solvent by osmosis .
For instance, for solutions of magnesium chloride, the vapor pressure is slightly greater than that predicted by Raoult's law up to a concentration of 0.7 mol/kg, after which the vapor pressure is lower than Raoult's law predicts. For aqueous solutions, the osmotic coefficients can be calculated theoretically by Pitzer equations [4] or TCPC model.
Pitzer equations [1] ... is the pressure, is the volume ... Note that the second form of Brønsted's equation is an expression for the osmotic coefficient ...
The process stops and equilibrium is attained when the pressure difference equals the osmotic pressure. Two laws governing the osmotic pressure of a dilute solution were discovered by the German botanist W. F. P. Pfeffer and the Dutch chemist J. H. van’t Hoff: The osmotic pressure of a dilute solution at constant temperature is directly ...
The van 't Hoff factor i (named after Dutch chemist Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff) is a measure of the effect of a solute on colligative properties such as osmotic pressure, relative lowering in vapor pressure, boiling-point elevation and freezing-point depression.
In this equation is the attraction from the osmotic effect. ∂ f ∂ a {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial f}{\partial a}}} is the repulsion due to chain molecules confined between plates. p {\displaystyle p} is on order of r {\displaystyle \langle r\rangle } , the mean end-to-end distance of chain molecules in free space.
Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids, detected by osmoreceptors, to maintain the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution which in this case is represented by body fluid) to keep the body fluids from becoming too diluted or concentrated.
This equation can also be written as Π = cRT, where c = n/V is the molarity (mol/m 3) of the solution. Morse showed experimentally that Π = bRT, where b is the molality (mol/kg) yields a better approximation of osmotic pressure. This latter equation is named after him.