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Causes: Bacterial infection [2] Risk factors: Sexual intercourse, prior urinary tract infections, diabetes, structural problems of the urinary tract, spermicide use [2] [3] Diagnostic method: Based on symptoms and supported by urinalysis [2] Differential diagnosis: Endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, kidney stones [2] Prevention
Pyonephrosis (from Greek pyon 'pus' and nephros 'kidney' [1]) is a dangerous kidney infection that is characterized by pus accumulation in the renal collecting system. [2] It is linked to renal collecting system blockage and suppurative renal parenchymal destruction, which result in complete or nearly complete kidney failure. [3]
Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include suprapubic pain, painful urination , frequency and urgency of urination despite having an empty bladder. [1] Symptoms of a kidney infection, on the other hand, are more systemic and include fever or flank pain usually in addition to the symptoms of a lower UTI. [10]
Out of the 1,374,392 female deaths reported in the US in 2017, kidney disease was listed as the cause of death for 24,889 women and was reported as the 9th overall cause of death for women in 2017. [45] Out of the 1,439,111 male deaths reported in the US in 2017, kidney disease was not listed in the top 10 causes of death. [45]
Nephritis represents the ninth-most-common cause of death among all women in the US (and the fifth leading cause among non-Hispanic black women). [ 19 ] Worldwide, the highest rates [ clarification needed ] of nephritis are 50–55% for African or Asian descent followed by Hispanic at 43% and Caucasian at 17%.
Kidney disease usually causes a loss of kidney function to some degree and can result in kidney failure, the complete loss of kidney function. Kidney failure is known as the end-stage of kidney disease, where dialysis or a kidney transplant is the only treatment option. Chronic kidney disease causes the gradual loss of kidney function over time.