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ECT is prescribed by a psychiatrist. Indications for ECT use were initially for schizophrenia, and those who poorly respond to medications. ECT can be used in the treatment for those with major depressive disorder, depressed bipolar disorder, manic bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, manic excitement and catatonia. [7] "Decision to conduct ECT ...
The usual course of ECT involves multiple administrations, typically given two or three times per week until the patient no longer has symptoms. ECT is administered under anesthesia with a muscle relaxant. [7] ECT can differ in its application in three ways: electrode placement, treatment frequency, and the electrical waveform of the stimulus.
ECT originated as a new form of convulsive therapy, rather than as a completely new treatment. [5] Convulsive therapy was introduced in 1934 by Hungarian neuropsychiatrist Ladislas J Meduna who, believing that schizophrenia and epilepsy were antagonistic disorders, induced seizures in patients with first camphor and then cardiazol.
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Psychiatry is, and has historically been, viewed as controversial by those under its care, as well as sociologists and psychiatrists themselves. There are a variety of reasons cited for this controversy, including the subjectivity of diagnosis, [1] the use of diagnosis and treatment for social and political control including detaining citizens and treating them without consent, [2] the side ...
Carrie Fisher, American actress and novelist [18] Fisher speaks at length of her experiences with ECT in her autobiography Wishful Drinking. Janet Frame, New Zealand writer and poet [19] Leonard Roy Frank, is a published author, human rights activist, and self-described psychiatric survivor. [20] [21] Judy Garland, Singer, dancer, actress.
THe adverse effects section of this article needs to reflect a more rounded approach to Sackheim's 2007 study of cognitive effects of ECT. A careful analysis of the study shows that Sackheim found that ECT routinely increased cognitive function, except for autobiographical memory, choice reaction time, and simple reaction time, on all the major cognitive tests he devised after 6 months ...
that the ECT machine industry monopolized funding - citation is court testimony; every long term study has confirmed permanent memory loss - 3 citations, one unavailable, the second is here, and the third is a name/date. This statement seems to be original research. that at least one-third of ECT patients experience permanent memory loss - see ...