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  2. Modes of reproduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modes_of_reproduction

    The biologist Thierry Lodé proposed (2001, 2012) five modes of reproduction based on the relationship between the zygote (fertilised egg) and the parents: [1] [2] Ovuliparity: fertilisation is external, the oocytes being released into the environment and fertilised outside the body by the male. [1]

  3. ZW sex-determination system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZW_sex-determination_system

    The ZW sex-determination system is a chromosomal system that determines the sex of offspring in birds, some fish and crustaceans such as the giant river prawn, some insects (including butterflies and moths), the schistosome family of flatworms, and some reptiles, e.g. majority of snakes, lacertid lizards and monitors, including Komodo dragons.

  4. Parthenogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenogenesis

    A form of asexual reproduction related to parthenogenesis is gynogenesis. Here, offspring are produced by the same mechanism as in parthenogenesis, but with the requirement that the egg merely be stimulated by the presence of sperm in order to develop. However, the sperm cell does not contribute any genetic material to the offspring.

  5. Parental care - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parental_care

    In the remainder of bird species, female-only care is prevalent, and male-only care is rare. [9] [23] Most birds, including passerines (perching birds), have their young born blind, naked and helpless (altricial), totally dependent for their survival on parental care. The young are typically raised in a nest; the parents catch food and ...

  6. Egg incubation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_incubation

    Egg incubation is the process by which an egg, of oviparous (egg-laying) animals, develops an embryo within the egg, after the egg's formation and ovipositional release. Egg incubation is done under favorable environmental conditions, possibly by brooding and hatching the egg.

  7. Reproduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproduction

    Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parent" or parents. There are two forms of reproduction: asexual and sexual. In asexual reproduction, an organism can reproduce without the involvement of another organism.

  8. Reproductive biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_biology

    Animal reproduction occurs by two modes of action, including both sexual and asexual reproduction. [1] In asexual reproduction the generation of new organisms does not require the fusion sperm with an egg. [1] However, in sexual reproduction new organisms are formed by the fusion of haploid sperm and eggs resulting in what is known as the ...

  9. Reproductive system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_system

    The female reproductive system has two functions: The first is to produce egg cells, and the second is to protect and nourish the offspring until birth. The male reproductive system has one function, and it is to produce and deposit sperm. Humans have a high level of sexual differentiation.