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Extrinsic emotion regulation efforts by caregivers, including situation selection, modification, and distraction, are particularly important for infants. [72] The emotion regulation strategies employed by caregivers to attenuate distress or to up-regulate positive affect in infants can impact the infants' emotional and behavioral development ...
At 10 years old, children's emotion regulation involves a balance of problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping strategies. [6] Problem-focused coping represents a change driven strategy, focused on attempting to eliminate the source of stress through proactive action (e.g., if a child feels worried about a test, choosing to study to ...
Carolyn Ingrid Saarni (May 13, 1945 – June 5, 2015) was a developmental psychologist known for groundbreaking research on children's development of emotional competence and emotional self-regulation, [1] and the role of parental influence in emotional socialization. [2]
In the latter case, the infant itself might be drawn to construct a negative working model of the self and the relationship. Furthermore, a parent with a negative, poorly organized and inconsistent working model might fail to provide useful feedback about the parent-infant dyad and other relationships, thus disrupting the infant's forming of a ...
In addition, children who have increased levels of cortisol, during daycare or nursery school time, experience extreme hardship upholding attention. [25] Maintaining attention is a part of self-regulation, and these children are not able to regulate their behaviors due to the high cortisol levels. [25]
Current research indicates that parent-child relationships characterized by less affection and greater hostility may result in children developing emotional regulation problems. [ 28 ] [ 29 ] If the child's emotional needs are ignored or rejected, they may experience greater difficulty dealing with emotions in the future. [ 30 ]
Co-regulation has been identified as a critical precursor for emotional self-regulation.Infants have instinctive regulatory behaviors, such as gaze redirection, body re-positioning, self-soothing, distraction, problem solving, and venting, [3] but the most effective way for an infant to regulate distress is to seek out help from a caregiver.
The Interpersonal World of the Infant (1985) is one of the most prominent works of psychoanalyst Daniel N. Stern, in which he describes the development of four interrelated senses of self. [1] These senses of self develop over the lifespan, but make significant developmental strides during sensitive periods in the first two years of life.