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  2. Training, validation, and test data sets - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Training,_validation,_and...

    A training data set is a data set of examples used during the learning process and is used to fit the parameters (e.g., weights) of, for example, a classifier. [9] [10]For classification tasks, a supervised learning algorithm looks at the training data set to determine, or learn, the optimal combinations of variables that will generate a good predictive model. [11]

  3. Range (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_(statistics)

    In descriptive statistics, the range of a set of data is size of the narrowest interval which contains all the data. It is calculated as the difference between the largest and smallest values (also known as the sample maximum and minimum). [1] It is expressed in the same units as the data. The range provides an indication of statistical ...

  4. Feature scaling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_scaling

    Since the range of values of raw data varies widely, in some machine learning algorithms, objective functions will not work properly without normalization. For example, many classifiers calculate the distance between two points by the Euclidean distance. If one of the features has a broad range of values, the distance will be governed by this ...

  5. Lookup table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lookup_table

    Functions of a single variable (such as sine and cosine) may be implemented by a simple array. Functions involving two or more variables require multidimensional array indexing techniques. The latter case may thus employ a two-dimensional array of power[x][y] to replace a function to calculate x y for a limited range of x and y values ...

  6. List of numerical-analysis software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_numerical-analysis...

    It is a declarative and visual programming language based on influence diagrams. FlexPro is a program for data analysis and presentation of measurement data. It provides a rich Excel-like user interface and its built-in vector programming language FPScript has a syntax similar to MATLAB. FreeMat, an open-source MATLAB-like environment with a ...

  7. Data analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_analysis

    Users may have particular data points of interest within a data set, as opposed to the general messaging outlined above. Such low-level user analytic activities are presented in the following table. The taxonomy can also be organized by three poles of activities: retrieving values, finding data points, and arranging data points. [78] [79] [80 ...

  8. Sample size determination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_size_determination

    There is a paucity of reliable guidance on estimating sample sizes before starting the research, with a range of suggestions given. [ 16 ] [ 19 ] [ 20 ] [ 21 ] In an effort to introduce some structure to the sample size determination process in qualitative research, a tool analogous to quantitative power calculations has been proposed.

  9. Range query (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_query_(computer_science)

    Given a function that accepts an array, a range query (,) on an array = [,..,] takes two indices and and returns the result of when applied to the subarray [, …,].For example, for a function that returns the sum of all values in an array, the range query ⁡ (,) returns the sum of all values in the range [,].