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The Nile River, the longest river in the world, flows from south to north through northeastern Africa. It begins in the rivers that flow into Lake Victoria (located in modern-day Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda) and travels more than 6,800 kilometers (4,000 miles) to the north, emptying into the Mediterranean Sea on Egypt’s coast.
As long as 5,000 years ago, the Nile was believed to be a gift from the gods. Learn about the influence of the Nile on Egypt's population, and discover where this river comes from with real-life visuals and animated maps.
The Nile river and its fertile delta were long the source of Egypt’s wealth and greatness. Today, they face relentless assault from both land and sea. (Yale Environment 360) Navigate the anatomy of the Nile with our video and map resource.
The Nile River has provided fertile land, transportation, food, and freshwater to Egypt for more than 5,000 years. Today, 95% of Egypt’s population continues to live along its banks.
The Nile river flows from south to north, and the ancient Egyptians divided their country into the “Two Lands.” Lower Egypt was in the north and ended in the Nile Delta. Upper Egypt was in the south. To the ancients, Kemet or “black land,” denoted the rich, fertile land of the Nile Valley, while Deshret or “red land,”
Cities also formed along the Nile River in Egypt, the Indus River Valley on the Indian subcontinent, and the Yellow (or Huang) River in China, as people began to cultivate crops and settle in communities.
Once considered the “cradle of civilization,” the Fertile Crescent’s place among the Tigris, Euphrates, and Nile rivers once led to an abundance of riches. Now the depleation of those resources has led to strife in the Middle East.
The Nile River has provided fertile land, transportation, food, and freshwater to Egypt for more than 5,000 years. Today, 95% of Egypt’s population continues to live along its banks.
On July 21, 1970, engineers completed the Aswan Dam in southern Egypt. The Aswan Dam was an enormous project, lasting more than 10 years and costing more than a billion dollars. The Aswan Dam controls the flow of the Nile River.
Under his rule, Egypt reached the height of its power, with holdings in southwest Asia up to the Euphrates River, supply ports along the Levantine coast in the Middle East, and continued dominance over Nubia, the region along the almighty Nile River.