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A disfluence or nonfluence is a non-pathological hesitance when speaking, the use of fillers (“like” or “uh”), or the repetition of a word or phrase. This needs to be distinguished from a fluency disorder like stuttering with an interruption of fluency of speech, accompanied by "excessive tension, speaking avoidance, struggle behaviors, and secondary mannerism".
In psychiatry, stilted speech or pedantic speech [1] is communication characterized by situationally inappropriate formality. [2] This formality can be expressed both through abnormal prosody [ 3 ] as well as speech content that is "inappropriately pompous, legalistic, philosophical, or quaint". [ 4 ]
Avoidance speech styles used with taboo relatives are often called mother-in-law languages, although they are not actually separate languages but separate lexical sets with the same grammar and phonology. Typically, the taboo lexical set has a one-to-many correspondence with the everyday set.
Speech impairment: Abnormal speech is unintelligible, unpleasant, or creates an ineffective communication process; Speech/language pathologist: Professionals who help individuals to maximize their communication skills. Speech synthesizer: Assistive technology that creates voice; Stuttering: Hesitation or repetition contributes to dysfluent speech
Cued speech Method of communication that combines speech reading with a system of hand-shapes placed near the mouth to help deaf or hard-of-hearing individuals differentiate words that look similar on the lips (e.g., bunch vs. punch) or are hidden (e.g., gag). Cytomegalovirus (Congenital)
Since speech is a way to express group membership, people adopt convergence or divergence in communication to "signal a salient group distinctiveness, so as to reinforce a social identity". [9] Communication accommodation thus, becomes a tool to emphasize group distinctiveness in a positive way, and strengthen the individual's social identity.
Communication deviance (CD) occurs when a speaker fails to effectively communicate and convey meaning to their listeners with confusing speech patterns or illogical patterns. [1] These disturbances can range from vague linguistic references, contradictory statements to more encompassing non-verbal problems at the level of turn-taking .
A communication disorder is any disorder that affects an individual's ability to comprehend, detect, or apply language and speech to engage in dialogue effectively with others. [1] This also encompasses deficiencies in verbal and non-verbal communication styles. [ 2 ]