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Coralline algae are red algae in the order Corallinales. They are characterized by a thallus that is hard because of calcareous deposits contained within the cell walls. The colors of these algae are most typically pink, or some other shade of red, but some species can be purple, yellow, blue, white, or gray-green.
There are many variations of crustose, including Crustose Coralline Algae (CCA), found in three different habitats; flat, crest and slope reef. [8] CCA are highly dependent on sunlight to grow in abundance, and their growth increases productivity. CCA acts as the main food source for certain fish including parrotfish and Scarus trispinosus. [9]
[27] [28] Coralline algae are particularly sensitive to ocean acidification because they precipitate high magnesium-calcite carbonate skeletons, the most soluble form of CaCO 3. [ 29 ] [ 30 ] [ 23 ] Calcification rates in coralline algae are thought to be directly related to their photosynthetic rates, but it is not clear how a high-CO 2 ...
The epithet “crusta” refers to crustose thallus and “phytum” refers to plant. Belonging to the family Hapalidiaceae in the order Hapalidiales, Crustaphytum is one kind of crustose coralline algae (also known as non-geniculate coralline algae).
The epithallium or epithallus is the outer layer of a crustose coralline alga, which in some species is periodically shed to prevent organisms from attaching to and overgrowing the alga. [ 1 ] Structure
Spongites yendoi is a hard, encrusting species of coralline algae. Like other species it contains chlorophyll and uses photosynthesis to synthesize carbohydrates.The cell walls of the algae contain deposits of calcium carbonate which give it its firm consistency. [2]
The Corallinaceae are one of the two extant Coralline families of red algae; they are differentiated from the morphologically similar Sporolithaceae by their formation of grouped sporangial chambers, clustered into sori. [2] The Corallinoideae is monophyletic; the other subfamilies form another monophyletic group. [3]
The monomerous, crustose thalli are composed of a single system of filaments which grow close to the underlying surface. Lithophyllum reproduces by means of conceptacles . The epithallus is periodically shed to avoid organisms growing on top of the alga.