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Acute mitral regurgitation, chronic compensated mitral regurgitation, chronic decompensated mitral regurgitation [2] Causes: mitral valve prolapse, ageing, rheumatic fever, mitral annular calcification, infective endocarditis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [2] Treatment: Medication, Mitral valve repair, Mitral valve replacement, MitraClip
MitraClip (mitral clip) is a medical device used to treat mitral valve regurgitation for individuals who should not have open-heart surgery. It is implanted via a tri-axial transcatheter technique and involves suturing together the anterior and posterior mitral valve leaflets.
This heart sound when present in a child or young adult implies the presence of a supple ventricle that can undergo rapid filling. Conversely, when heard in a middle-aged or older adult, an S 3 is often a sign of disease, indicating increased ventricular filling due to congestive heart failure or severe mitral or tricuspid regurgitation. [6]
Mitral regurgitation may be treated medically with vasodilators, diuretics, digoxin, antiarrhythmics, and chronic anticoagulation. [15] [16] Mild to moderate mitral regurgitation should be followed with echocardiography and cardiac stress test every 1–3 years. [15]
If the atrium dilates and gets really large it can compress its neighbor, the esophagus, and patients might have difficulty swallowing solid foods, called dysphagia. For patients with severe problems related to mitral regurgitation or stenosis, treatment involves valve repair or surgical replacement of the valve.
Mitral valve replacement is a procedure whereby the diseased mitral valve of a patient's heart is replaced by either a mechanical or tissue (bioprosthetic) valve. The mitral valve may need to be replaced because: [1] The valve is leaky (mitral valve regurgitation) The valve is narrowed and doesn't open properly (mitral valve stenosis)
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