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snprintf provides a level of safety over sprintf since the caller provides a length (n) parameter that specifies the maximum number or chars to write to the buffer. For most printf-family functions, there is a variant that accepts va_list rather than a variable length parameter list. For example, there is a vfprintf, vsprintf, vsnprintf.
The C programming language provides many standard library functions for file input and output.These functions make up the bulk of the C standard library header <stdio.h>. [1] The functionality descends from a "portable I/O package" written by Mike Lesk at Bell Labs in the early 1970s, [2] and officially became part of the Unix operating system in Version 7.
The cdecl (which stands for C declaration) is a calling convention for the programming language C and is used by many C compilers for the x86 architecture. [1] In cdecl, subroutine arguments are passed on the stack.
printf is a C function belonging to the ANSI C standard library, and included in the file stdio.h.Its purpose is to print formatted text to the standard output stream.Hence the "f" in the name stands for "formatted".
The C language provides the four basic arithmetic type specifiers char, int, float and double (as well as the boolean type bool), and the modifiers signed, unsigned, short, and long.
In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, printf is a shell builtin (and utility program [2]) that formats and outputs text like the same-named C function.. Originally named for outputting to a printer, it actually outputs to standard output.
Two types of literal expression are usually offered: one with interpolation enabled, the other without. Non-interpolated strings may also escape sequences, in which case they are termed a raw string, though in other cases this is separate, yielding three classes of raw string, non-interpolated (but escaped) string, interpolated (and escaped) string.
Some common high-risk vulnerabilities may exist due to the use of: Non-bounds-checking functions (e.g., strcpy, sprintf, vsprintf, and sscanf) that could lead to a buffer overflow vulnerability [3]