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  2. Abstract (summary) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_(summary)

    The informative abstract, also known as the complete abstract, is a compendious summary of a paper's substance and its background, purpose, methodology, results, and conclusion. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] Usually between 100 and 200 words, the informative abstract summarizes the paper's structure, its major topics and key points. [ 23 ]

  3. Abstract management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_management

    The abstract typically states the hypothesis, tools used in research or investigation, data collected, and a summary or interpretation of the data. The abstracts usually undergo peer review after which they are accepted or rejected by the conference chair or committee and then allocated to conference sessions. The abstracts may be presented as ...

  4. Abstraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction

    This conceptual scheme emphasizes the inherent equality of both constituent and abstract data, thus avoiding problems arising from the distinction between "abstract" and "concrete". In this sense the process of abstraction entails the identification of similarities between objects, and the process of associating these objects with an ...

  5. Methodology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodology

    Methodology can be understood as the middle ground between concrete particular methods and the abstract and general issues discussed by the philosophy of science. [ 11 ] [ 15 ] In this regard, methodology comes after formulating a research question and helps the researchers decide what methods to use in the process.

  6. Data - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data

    Data may be used as variables in a computational process. [1] [2] Data may represent abstract ideas or concrete measurements. [3] Data are commonly used in scientific research, economics, and virtually every other form of human organizational activity.

  7. Latent and observable variables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_and_observable...

    Other latent variables correspond to abstract concepts, like categories, behavioral or mental states, or data structures. The terms hypothetical variables or hypothetical constructs may be used in these situations. The use of latent variables can serve to reduce the dimensionality of data. Many observable variables can be aggregated in a model ...

  8. Conceptual model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_model

    In software engineering, an entity–relationship model (ERM) is an abstract and conceptual representation of data. Entity–relationship modeling is a database modeling method, used to produce a type of conceptual schema or semantic data model of a system, often a relational database, and its requirements in a top-down fashion.

  9. Grounded theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grounded_theory

    Grounded theory is a general research methodology, a way of thinking about and conceptualizing data. It is used in studies of diverse populations from areas like remarriage after divorce [5] and professional socialization. [6]