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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 8 February 2025. 1948 military invasion of Hyderabad State by the Dominion of India Operation Polo The State of Hyderabad in 1909 (excluding Berar) Date 13–18 September 1948 (5 days) Location Hyderabad State, (parts of South and Western India) 17°00′N 78°50′E / 17.000°N 78.833°E ...
The Annexation of Hyderabad (code-named Operation Polo) was a military operation launched in September 1948 that resulted in the annexation of the princely state of Hyderabad by India, which was dubbed a "police action". [3] [4] [5]
The Hyderabad massacres [8] were the mass killings and massacre of Hyderabadi Muslims and Dalits [9] that took place simultaneously with the Indian annexation of Hyderabad (Operation Polo). [ citation needed ] The killings were perpetrated by Hindu fanatic militias and the Indian Army .
Hyderabad's location in the middle of the Indian Union, as well as its diverse cultural heritage led to India's annexation of the state in 1948. [12] Subsequently, Mir Osman Ali Khan , the seventh Nizam, signed an instrument of accession , joining India.
In September 1948, the Indian Army invaded Hyderabad State. The battle between the Nizam's army and the Indian Army lasted for five days; it ultimately ended with a decisive Indian victory. On Day 5 of this operation - 17 September 1948, the 7th Nizam announced a ceasefire, ending armed action.
The Razakars fought briefly against the overwhelming attack by Indian forces before surrendering on 18 September 1948. Mir Laik Ali, the prime minister of the Nizam, and Kasim Razvi were arrested. On 22 September 1948, the Nizam withdrew his complaint from the UN Security Council. The merger of Hyderabad into the Indian Union was announced.
On 13 September 1948, two days after the death of Jinnah, the Indian Army was sent into Hyderabad under Operation Polo on the grounds that the law and order situation there threatened the peace of South India. [100] [101] The troops met little resistance by the Razakars and between 13 and 18 September took complete control of the state. The ...
Annexation is a unilateral act where territory is seized and held by one state, [4] ... the Nizam signed a treaty on 18 September 1948 that saw Hyderabad annexed by ...