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Peniscola, often called the "Gibraltar of Valencia", and locally as "The City in the Sea", [3] is a fortified seaport, with a lighthouse, built on a rocky headland about 220 feet (67 m) high, and joined to the mainland by only a narrow strip of land ().
A 1763 map depicting Pensacola Bay. Gálvez embarked his flag with the Spanish fleet, under the command of Captain José Calvo de Irazabal. With about 1,300 men, the regular troops included a Majorcan regiment and Arturo O'Neill commanding 319 men of Spain's Irish Hibernia Regiment, and including militias of biracial and free Afro-Cubans. [14]
Following Spain's losses to Great Britain during the Seven Years' War, Spain ceded its Florida territory to Britain in 1763.British administrators then divided the territory into two colonies: East Florida, including the Florida peninsula with the capital at St. Augustine, and West Florida, to which was appended part of the territory received from France under the 1763 peace treaty.
The area known as West Florida was originally claimed by Spain as part of La Florida, which included most of what is now the southeastern United States.Spain made several attempts to conquer and colonize the area, notably including Tristán de Luna's short-lived settlement in 1559, but it was not settled permanently until the 17th century, with the establishment of missions to the Apalachee.
After Spain joined the rebels of the American Revolution in 1779, Spanish forces captured East Florida and West Florida, regaining Pensacola. They held this area from 1781 to 1819. [ 3 ] Following the War of 1812 (which was ended in the Treaty of Ghent ), the United States negotiated with Spain to take control of Florida.
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In 1781, Spain captured Pensacola and its garrison. As part of the 1783 Peace of Paris, Great Britain ceded the territories of West Florida and East Florida back to Spain. When Spain acquired West Florida in 1783, the eastern British boundary was the Apalachicola River, but Spain moved it eastward to the Suwannee River in 1785.
Spanish Florida (Spanish: La Florida) was the first major European land-claim and attempted settlement-area in northern America during the European Age of Discovery. La Florida formed part of the Captaincy General of Cuba in the Viceroyalty of New Spain, and the Spanish Empire during Spanish colonization of the Americas.