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  2. Expletive (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expletive_(linguistics)

    Not all profanities are grammatical expletives (and vice versa). For example, in the sentence, "The bloody thing is shit, hey": "Bloody", as an attributive adjective, is an optional constituent of the sentence (thus not an expletive in the syntactical sense) and is a profanity. "Shit" is necessary to the sentence, and it is a profanity.

  3. Dangling modifier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangling_modifier

    The sentence could be misread as the turning action attaching either to the handsome school building or to nothing at all. As another example, in the sentence "At the age of eight, my family finally bought a dog", [3] the modifier At the age of eight is dangling. It is intended to specify the narrator's age when the family bought the dog, but ...

  4. Constituent (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituent_(linguistics)

    Passivization involves changing an active sentence to a passive sentence, or vice versa. The object of the active sentence is changed to the subject of the corresponding passive sentence: [16] (a) Drunks could put off the customers. (b) The customers could be put off by drunks.

  5. Synecdoche - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synecdoche

    A common example of synecdoche: using the term boots to mean "soldiers", as in the phrase "boots on the ground".. Synecdoche (/ s ɪ ˈ n ɛ k d ə k i / sih-NEK-də-kee) [1] is a type of metonymy; it is a figure of speech that uses a term for a part of something to refer to the whole (pars pro toto), or vice versa (totum pro parte).

  6. Affirmation and negation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmation_and_negation

    For example, changing "one could have seen anything" to "no one could have seen anything" changes the meaning of the last word from "anything" to "nothing". In some cases, by way of irony, an affirmative statement may be intended to have the meaning of the corresponding negative, or vice versa. For examples see antiphrasis and sarcasm.

  7. Intransitive verb - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intransitive_verb

    For example, there are two forms of the verb "to start": (7) 会議が始まる。 (Kaigi ga hajimaru., "The meeting starts.") (8) 会長が会議を始める。 (Kaichō ga kaigi o hajimeru., "The president starts the meeting.") In Japanese, the form of the verb indicates the number of arguments the sentence needs to have. [2]

  8. Figure of speech - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_of_speech

    Synecdoche: referring to a part by its whole or vice versa. Synonymia: use of two or more synonyms in the same clause or sentence. Tautology: redundancy due to superfluous qualification; saying the same thing twice. Tmesis: insertions of content within a compound word. Tricolon diminuens: combination of three elements, each decreasing in size.

  9. Paraphrase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraphrase

    turning long sentences into multiple shorter ones (or vice versa) expressing abstract concepts more concretely. Paraphrasing with synonyms is considered by some to be an acceptable stage in teaching paraphrase, but it is necessary that it is ultimately combined with techniques for altering sentence structure to avoid the appearance of ...