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"Syphilis - CDC Fact Sheet" Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) UCSF HIV InSite Knowledge Base Chapter: Syphilis and HIV Archived 20 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine; Recommendations for Public Health Surveillance of Syphilis in the United States; Pastuszczak M, Wojas-Pelc A (2013).
Treponema pallidum, formerly known as Spirochaeta pallida, is a microaerophilic, gram-negative, spirochaete bacterium with subspecies that cause the diseases syphilis, bejel (also known as endemic syphilis), and yaws. [1] It is known to be transmitted only among humans and baboons. [2]
The history of syphilis has been well studied, but the exact origin of the disease remains unknown. [3] It appears to have originated in both Africa and America. [4] [5] As such, there are two primary hypotheses: one proposes that syphilis was carried to Europe from the Americas by the crew(s) of Christopher Columbus as a byproduct of the Columbian exchange, while the other proposes that ...
The decline was driven by a 13% drop in such syphilis diagnoses among gay and bisexual men, who are about 2% of the adult population but have historically accounted for nearly half of such cases.
In 2016, there were 27,814 reported cases of syphilis, primary and secondary, in the United States, a 17.6% increase from the previous year and a 74% increase from the reported cases in 2012. [22] Primary and secondary syphilis have a high correlation to an HIV-coinfection, particularly in men who have sex with men (MSM).
Congenital syphilis is syphilis that occurs when a mother with untreated syphilis passes the infection to her baby during pregnancy or at birth. [4] It may present in the fetus, infant, or later. [1] [5] Clinical features vary and differ between early onset, that is presentation before 2-years of age, and late onset, presentation after age 2 ...