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The Brain Trauma Foundation (BTF) was founded in 1986 to develop research on traumatic brain injury (TBI). Since its formation the foundation's mission has expanded to improving the outcome of TBI patients nationwide through working to implement evidence-based guidelines for prehospital and in-hospital care, quality-improvement programs, and coordinating educational programs for medical ...
A traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as an intracranial injury, is an injury to the brain caused by an external force. TBI can be classified based on severity ranging from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI/concussion) to severe traumatic brain injury. [ 5 ]
The Glasgow Outcome Scale has also been extensively used in research and clinical trials. In a 2016 review on the management of traumatic brain injury that examined over 160 randomized controlled trials published between 1980 and 2015, the GOS or GOSE was the outcome measurement reported in over two-thirds of the trials. [13] [3]
It is unknown exactly how long after a TBI a person is at higher risk for seizures than the rest of the population, but estimates have suggested lengths of 10 to over 15 years. [5] For most people with TBI, seizures do not occur after three months, and only 20–25% of people with TBI have PTS more than two years after the injury. [9]
By some estimates, as many as half of individuals with severe brain trauma experience PTE; [19] other estimates place the risk at 5% for all TBI patients and 15–20% for severe TBI. [21] One study found that the 30-year risk of developing PTE was 2.1% for mild TBI, 4.2% for moderate, and 16.7% for severe injuries, as shown in the chart at right.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI, physical trauma to the brain) can cause a variety of complications, health effects that are not TBI themselves but that result from it. The risk of complications increases with the severity of the trauma; [1] however even mild traumatic brain injury can result in disabilities that interfere with social interactions, employment, and everyday living. [2]
The outcome is frequently coma, with over 90% of patients with severe DAI never regaining consciousness. [9] Those who awaken from the coma often remain significantly impaired. [10] DAI can occur across the spectrum of traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity, wherein the burden of injury increases from mild to severe.
It is suitable for patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. The WPTAS is the most common post-traumatic amnesia scale used in Australia and New Zealand. [ 32 ] An abbreviated version has been developed to assess patients with mild traumatic brain injury, the Abbreviated Westmead PTA Scale (AWPTAS).