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  2. Spinal fusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_fusion

    Spinal fusion, also called spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis, is a surgery performed by orthopaedic surgeons or neurosurgeons that joins two or more vertebrae. [1] This procedure can be performed at any level in the spine (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral) and prevents any movement between the fused vertebrae.

  3. Laminectomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminectomy

    A laminectomy performed as a minimal spinal surgery procedure is a tissue-preserving surgery that leaves more of the muscle intact and spares the spinal process. Another procedure, called the laminotomy, is the removal of a mid-portion of one lamina and may be done either with a conventional open technique or in a minimalistic fashion with the ...

  4. Laminotomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminotomy

    A laminotomy is an orthopaedic neurosurgical procedure that removes part of the lamina of a vertebral arch in order to relieve pressure in the vertebral canal. [1] A laminotomy is less invasive than conventional vertebral column surgery techniques, such as laminectomy because it leaves more ligaments and muscles attached to the spinous process intact and it requires removing less bone from the ...

  5. Laminoplasty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminoplasty

    The spinal cord is the most complex yet organized part of the CNS. The entire spinal structure may be divided into 4 sections that create an overall S-shaped curve. These sections include the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions. Intervertebral discs stacked on top of one another make up the structure of the overall spine. These discs ...

  6. Minimally invasive spine surgery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimally_invasive_spine...

    There are many spinal procedures that make use of minimally invasive techniques. They can involve cutting away tissue (), fixing adjacent vertebrae to one another (spinal fusion), and replacing bone or other tissue.The main philosophy is least bloods, tissue damage, and keep bone/tissue architecture The name of the procedure often includes the region of the spine that is operated on, including ...

  7. Discectomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discectomy

    A discectomy (also called open discectomy, if done through a 1/2 inch or larger skin opening) is the surgical removal of abnormal disc material that presses on a nerve root or the spinal cord. The procedure involves removing a portion of an intervertebral disc, which causes pain, weakness or numbness by stressing the spinal cord or radiating ...

  8. TOPS System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOPS_System

    The paper "Mobility-Maintaining Arthroplasty of the Lumbar Spine with the Second-Generation TOPS System" by Werner Lack, Hans Paul Kutschera, and Josef Krugluge found that the TOPS facet replacement can relieve leg and back pain while maintaining nearly normal range-of-motion for four years without causing adjacent segment disease. The study ...

  9. Microsurgical lumbar laminoplasty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsurgical_lumbar_l...

    During the 1980s, spinal surgeons began to use operating microscopes in order to improve visualization of the spinal nerves during surgery. The use of the operating microscope in spinal surgery allows the procedure to be performed through a smaller incision and with greater safety because the surgeon's visualization of nerve tissue is improved.