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  2. Resistor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor

    The resistance value is determined by cutting a helix through the coating rather than by etching, similar to the way carbon resistors are made. The result is a reasonable tolerance (0.5%, 1%, or 2%) and a temperature coefficient that is generally between 50 and 100 ppm/K. [ 18 ] Metal film resistors possess good noise characteristics and low ...

  3. Bipolar transistor biasing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_transistor_biasing

    Bipolar transistors must be properly biased to operate correctly. In circuits made with individual devices (discrete circuits), biasing networks consisting of resistors are commonly employed. Much more elaborate biasing arrangements are used in integrated circuits, for example, bandgap voltage references and current mirrors.

  4. Impedance matching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impedance_matching

    Impedance matching. Source and load impedance circuit. In electrical engineering, impedance matching is the practice of designing or adjusting the input impedance or output impedance of an electrical device for a desired value. Often, the desired value is selected to maximize power transfer or minimize signal reflection.

  5. Circuit topology (electrical) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_topology_(electrical)

    Circuit topology (electrical) The circuit topology of an electronic circuit is the form taken by the network of interconnections of the circuit components. Different specific values or ratings of the components are regarded as being the same topology. Topology is not concerned with the physical layout of components in a circuit, nor with their ...

  6. Electrical resistance and conductance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistance_and...

    The electrical resistance of an object is a measure of its opposition to the flow of electric current. Its reciprocal quantity is electrical conductance, measuring the ease with which an electric current passes. Electrical resistance shares some conceptual parallels with mechanical friction. The SI unit of electrical resistance is the ohm (Ω ...

  7. Voltage-controlled resistor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-controlled_resistor

    Voltage-controlled resistor. A voltage-controlled resistor (VCR) is a three-terminal active device with one input port and two output ports. The input-port voltage controls the value of the resistor between the output ports. VCRs are most often built with field-effect transistors (FETs). Two types of FETs are often used: the JFET and the MOSFET.

  8. Pull-up resistor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pull-up_resistor

    When the switch is closed, the input voltage at the gate goes to ground. In electronic logic circuits, a pull-up resistor (PU) or pull-down resistor (PD) is a resistor used to ensure a known state for a signal. [1] It is typically used in combination with components such as switches and transistors, which physically interrupt the connection of ...

  9. List of resistors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_resistors

    The resistance value is determined by cutting a helix through the coating rather than by etching, similar to the way carbon resistors are made. The result is a reasonable tolerance (0.5%, 1%, or 2%) and a temperature coefficient that is generally between 50 and 100 ppm/K. [ 9 ] Metal film resistors possess good noise characteristics and low non ...