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African Americans have been the victims of oppression, discrimination and persecution throughout American history, with an impact on African-American innovation according to a 2014 study by economist Lisa D. Cook, which linked violence towards African Americans and lack of legal protections over the period from 1870 to 1940 with lowered innovation. [1]
Alice H. Parker was born in 1895 in Morristown, New Jersey, where she grew up some of her life. [2] [3] Parker was a highly educated woman who graduated with honors in 1910 from Howard University Academy, a historically African-American university that accepted both male and female students since its founding in November 1866, shortly after the Civil War. [4]
Annie Easley. Annie Easley (April 23, 1933 – June 25, 2011) was an African American computer scientist and mathematician who made critical contributions to NASA 's rocket systems and energy technologies. Easley's early work involved running simulations at NASA's Plum Brook Reactor Facility and studying the effects of rocket launches on earth ...
Philip B. Downing. Patented a street letter box, and operating street railway switches. Philip B. Downing (1857-1934) was an African American inventor from Providence, Rhode Island. He is known for his most significant invention, the operating street railway switch. This allowed the switches to be opened or closed by using a brass arm located ...
Richard Bowie Spikes (October 2, 1878 – January 22, 1963) was an African-American inventor.The holder of a number of United States patents, his improvements on existing inventions include a beer tap, automobile directional signals, an automatic gear shift device based on automatic transmission for automobiles and other motor vehicles and a safety braking system for trucks and buses.
Thomas Elkins (1818 – August 10, 1900) [1] was an African-American dentist, abolitionist, surgeon, pharmacist, and inventor. He lived in Albany, New York, for most of his life, but travelled during his service as the medical examiner of the 54th and 55th Massachusetts infantries and visited Liberia. Notable inventions include patented ...
Physics, Electrical Engineering. Institutions. Bell Labs. Johns Hopkins University. James Edward Maceo West (born February 10, 1931) is an American inventor and acoustician. He holds over 250 foreign and U.S. patents for the production and design of microphones and techniques for creating polymer foil electrets.
Annie Minerva Turnbo Malone (August 9, 1877 [2] [3] – May 10, 1957) [4] was an American businesswoman, inventor and philanthropist. [5] [6] In the first three decades of the 20th century, she founded and developed a large and prominent commercial and educational enterprise centered on cosmetics for African-American women.