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Classification of Periodontal Diseases 2018. In 2018, a new classification system for Periodontal diseases was released. It has 3 main parts: Periodontal health, gingival diseases and conditions; Periodontitis; Other conditions affecting the periodontium. In periodontal health, gingival diseases and conditions, there are 3 sub-types: [5]
Periodontal abscesses are the 3rd most common dental emergency, [13] occurring either as acute exacerbation of untreated periodontitis, [13] or as a complication of supportive periodontal therapy. [citation needed] Periodontal abscesses may also arise in the absence of periodontitis, caused by impaction of foreign bodies or root abnormalities. [13]
Periodontal charting refers to a chart utilized by a dental care professional (periodontist, dentist, registered dental hygienist) to write and record gingival [1] and overall oral conditions relating to oral and periodontal health or disease.
The severity of periodontal tissue destruction is out of proportion to amount of bacteria present. [19] The amount of bacteria is often indicated by the level of dental plaque. [27] This feature implies that when aggressive periodontitis is present, loss of attachment and bone loss tend to occur even if the plaque level is low.
[1] [2] At least 16 systemic diseases have been linked to periodontitis. These systemic diseases are associated with periodontal disease because they generally contribute to either a decreased host resistance to infections or dysfunction in the connective tissue of the gums, increasing patient susceptibility to inflammation-induced destruction. [1]
Periodontal pocketing < 3mm, but calculus (dental) present with or without plaque retentive factors such as "overhanging" restorations 3: Shallow periodontal pockets (i.e. first band on probe partially visible) 4: Deep periodontal pockets > 5.5 mm (first band on probe disappears) * (star added to the score, e.g. 4*)
Chronic periodontitis is initiated by Gram-negative tooth-associated microbial biofilms that elicit a host response, which results in bone and soft tissue destruction. In response to endotoxin derived from periodontal pathogens, several osteoclast-related mediators target the destruction of alveolar bone and supporting connective tissue such as the periodontal ligament.
Periapical periodontitis of some form is a very common condition. The prevalence of periapical periodontitis is generally reported to vary according to age group, e.g. 33% in those aged 20–30, 40% in 30- to 40-year-olds, 48% in 40- to 50-year-olds, 57% in 50- to 60-year-olds and 62% in those over the age of 60. [13]