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Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA, SGCA, or SGCT) is a low-grade astrocytic brain tumor (astrocytoma) that arises within the ventricles of the brain. [1] It is most commonly associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Although it is a low-grade tumor, its location can potentially obstruct the ventricles and lead to hydrocephalus.
The nuclei tend to form clusters. [citation needed] On a CT, it often shows a less dense to equally dense mass. If it is big, it may have parts that are cystic or calcific. [2] In 50-60% of cases, the tumor is in the fourth ventricle, while the second most common (30-40% of cases) location is the side ventricles.
Astrocytoma is a type of brain tumor. Astrocytomas (also astrocytomata) originate from a specific kind of star-shaped glial cell in the cerebrum called an astrocyte . This type of tumor does not usually spread outside the brain and spinal cord and it does not usually affect other organs.
1.4.1 Pilocytic astrocytoma 1.4.2 High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features 1.4.3 Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma 1.4.4 Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma 1.4.5 Chordoid glioma 1.4.6 Astroblastoma, MN1-altered 1.5 Glioneuronal and neuronal tumours 1.5.1 Ganglioglioma 1.5.2 Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma / desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma
Giant cell astrocytoma: (grows and blocks the cerebrospinal fluid flow, leading to dilatation of ventricles causing headache and vomiting) Cortical tubers: after which the disease is named; Subependymal nodules: form in the walls of ventricles; Classic intracranial manifestations of TSC include subependymal nodules and cortical/subcortical ...
Gliomas are named according to the specific type of cell with which they share histological features, but not necessarily from which they originate. The main types of glioma are: [53] Ependymomas: ependymal cells; Astrocytomas: astrocytes (glioblastoma multiforme is a malignant astrocytoma and the most common primary brain tumor among adults).
A giant cell (also known as a multinucleated giant cell, or multinucleate giant cell) is a mass formed by the union of several distinct cells (usually histiocytes), often forming a granuloma. [ 1 ] Although there is typically a focus on the pathological aspects of multinucleate giant cells (MGCs), they also play many important physiological roles.
Renal cell carcinoma is a major cause of death in patients with VHL and it occurs in 70% of patients. [59] Lesions larger than 3 cm are associated with a risk of metastasis and thus present a recommended threshold for resection. [65] [66] Nephron sparing surgery allows for preservation of kidney function and 10-year survival rates up to 81%. [67]
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