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A pawn is promoted upon reaching the last rank of the board, regardless of the board's size. A pawn may be promoted to any non-royal fairy piece featured in the variant. The mann, a non-royal version of the king, may be one such piece. Due to the first guideline, a pawn on a longer board has to move further to be promoted.
A rule of thumb (with exceptions) is: if the king on the side without the pawn can reach the queening square of the pawn, the game is a draw; otherwise it is a win for the opponent (except with a rook pawn, i.e. a- or h-file). [12] The side with the pawn can cut off the opposing king or strive for the Lucena position, which is a win.
When a pawn reaches the end, one of the other pawns of the same color can advance ten squares. When one or two pawns of any other color are in the starting square and the player rolls a five, it eats the opposing pawn or pawns, in case it kills two opposing pawns, player can advance with 40 squares. Blockades can also be made with two pawns.
In particular, if the pawn is on its sixth rank and is a bishop pawn or rook pawn, and the bishop does not control the pawn's promotion square, the position is a draw. [55] See Wrong bishop . A rook versus a minor piece: normally a draw but in some cases the rook wins, see pawnless chess endgame .
A pawn, unlike other pieces, captures differently from how it moves. A pawn can capture an enemy piece on either of the two squares diagonally in front of the pawn. It cannot move to those squares when vacant except when capturing en passant. The pawn is also involved in the two special moves en passant and promotion. [10]
When the pawn is on the seventh rank, the key squares are the squares on the seventh and eighth rank that touch the pawn's square (see the right-most diagram). An easy way to remember the key squares is to note that if the pawn is not beyond the midpoint of the board, there are three key squares that are two ranks ahead.
The pawn moves like the modern pawn, but cannot make an initial double step or capture en passant.Its Betza notation is mfWcfF.When it reaches the other end of the board (the twelfth rank for White, or the first rank for Black), it promotes to the piece that was originally there: the exception is that a pawn promoting on the g-file becomes an aanca.
A bishop pawn may also draw, but for a different reason (a different stalemate position). 1. Qb6+ Ka1! 2. Qd4+ Kb1 3. Qb4+ Ka1 4. Qc3+ Kb1 5. Qb3+ Ka1! and White cannot capture the pawn because stalemate would result. [15] The rule is that White wins if their king is close enough to reach b3 or d2 in one move, because it can assist in checkmate ...