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Islam is India's second-largest religion, with 14.2% of the country's population, or approximately 172.2 million people, identifying as adherents of Islam in a 2011 census. [7] India also has the third-largest number of Muslims in the world. [8] [9] The majority of India's Muslims are Sunni, with Shia making up around 15% of the Muslim ...
[11] [12] Religions such as Sikhism and Din-e-Ilahi were born out of a fusion of Hindu and Muslim religious traditions as well. [13] In the 18th century the Islamic influence in India begin to decline following the decline of the Mughal Empire, resulting in former Mughal territory conquered rival powers such as the Maratha Confederacy.
Expansion of trade brought India into contact with Islam. Arab traders settled in Indian ports. In the seventh century, they converted to Islam, giving rise to small Muslim communities. These communities grew due to Indian conversions and because Hindu kings of south India (such as the Cholas) hired Muslim mercenaries. [165]
This Persian influence flooded South Asia with Islam, Sufi thought, syncretic values, literature, education, and entertainment that has created an enduring impact on the presence of Islam in India today. [5] Sufi preachers, merchants and missionaries also settled in coastal Gujarat through maritime voyages and trade.
[12] For over five hundred years Arabic writers and others continued to apply to works on arithmetic the name Indian. [13] Another important early treatise that publicized decimal numbers was the Iranian mathematician and astronomer Kushyar ibn Labban's leading arithmetic book Kitab fi usul hisab al-hind (principals of Hindu reckoning). [14]
Islam is the second-largest religion in South Asia, with more than 650 million Muslims living there, forming about one-third of the region's population. Islam first spread along the coastal regions of the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka, almost as soon as it started in the Arabian Peninsula, as the Arab traders brought it to South Asia.
[12] [13] [14] The British also introduced a system of separate electorates, which further exacerbated the divide between the Hindu and Muslim communities. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] The First Indian War of Independence in 1857 , also known as the mutiny of 1857, was a major uprising against British rule in India.
A book on Physics. A book on Western Astronomy. Some of these books were taught in Shia scholarly circles in the nineteenth century Lucknow. [110] His student Nawab Saadat Ali Khan built an observatory in Lucknow. [109] Another student, Ayatollah Dildar Ali Naqvi Naseerabadi, who learnt philosophy under him, became the first Usuli Shia Marja of ...