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The disease mainly affects large breed dogs. [2] German Shepherd Dogs [3] and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels may be predisposed. [4] There is a similar disease of the eye muscles found in Golden Retrievers. Symptoms of acute MMM include swelling of the jaw muscles, drooling, and pain on opening the mouth.
Oral disease is one of the most common diseases found in dogs. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is caused by the buildup of various anaerobic bacteria in the mouth which forms plaque , eventually hardening into tartar on the teeth along the gum line, and is related to the development of gingivitis . [ 3 ]
In the initial phase of the disease, the mucosa feels leathery with palpable fibrotic bands. The oral mucosa loses resiliency in the advanced stage and becomes blanched and stiff. This blanched and stiff mucosa is considered to lead to a progressive reduction in mouth opening but seems to be an oversimplification of the pathology.
Aphthous stomatitis is one of the most common diseases of the oral mucosa, and is thought to affect about 20% of the general population to some degree. [4] The symptoms range from a minor nuisance to being disabling in their impact on eating, swallowing, and talking, and the severe forms can cause people to lose weight.
Periodontal disease is the most common disease found in dogs and affects more than 80% of dogs aged three years or older. Its prevalence in dogs increases with age, but decreases with increasing body weight; i.e., toy and miniature breeds are more severely affected.
It is a rare disease in dogs, with cats seven to ten times more likely to be infected. The disease in dogs can affect the lungs and skin, but more commonly the eye and central nervous system. [20] Ringworm is a fungal skin disease that in dogs is caused by Microsporum canis (70%), Microsporum gypseum (20%), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (10% ...
In medicine generally, arthrosis can be a nonspecific term for a joint, any disease of a joint (or specifically degenerative joint disease), and is also used as a synonym for osteoarthritis. [29] In the specialized literature that has evolved around TMD research, arthrosis is differentiated from arthritis by the presence of low and no ...
Trismus is defined as painful restriction in opening the mouth due to a muscle spasm, [5] however it can also refer to limited mouth opening of any cause. [6] Another definition of trismus is simply a limitation of movement. [4] Historically and commonly, the term lockjaw was sometimes used as a synonym for both trismus [2] and tetanus. [7]