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The idea of relocating Brazil's capital city was conceived in 1827 by José Bonifácio, an advisor to Emperor Pedro I. He presented a plan to the General Assembly of Brazil for a new city called Brasília, with the idea of moving the capital westward from the heavily populated southeastern corridor.
The current capital of Brazil, since its construction in 1960, is Brasília. Rio de Janeiro was the country's capital between 1763 and 1960. The city of Salvador served as the seat for the Portuguese colonial administration in Brazil for its first two centuries and is usually called the "first capital of Brazil."
Brazil is a federation composed of 26 states and a Federal District, which hosts the capital, Brasília. Its most populous city is São Paulo, followed by Rio de Janeiro. Brazil has the most Portuguese speakers in the world and is the only country in the Americas where Portuguese is an official language.
The capital of Brazil was transferred from Rio de Janeiro to Brasília on 21 April 1960 and its new territory, split off from Goiás state on the border with the Minas Gerais state, became the current Federal District. After the transfer the old Federal District, containing the city of Rio de Janeiro, became the state of Guanabara.
Population distribution in Brazil. Brazil has a high level of urbanization with 87.8% [1] of the population residing in urban and metropolitan areas. The criteria used by the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) [2] in determining whether households are urban or rural, however, are based on political divisions, not on the developed environment.
Brazil is formed by the union of 27 federative units—26 states and the Federal District, which contains the capital city, Brasília. Of these, seven states; São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná, Bahia and Santa Catarina; with the Federal District, constitute almost 80% of the national economy.
Olinda (1537–1630) - seat city for the Captaincy of Pernambuco; Mauritsstad or Cidade Maurícia (1630–1654) - seat city for the Dutch administration. Olinda (1654–1822) - seat city for the Captaincy of Pernambuco; Olinda (1822–1837) - seat city for the Province of Pernambuco; Recife (1837–1889) - seat city for the Province of Pernambuco
In 1960, the rectangular-shaped Distrito Federal was carved out of Goiás to contain the new capital, Brasília. [12] [13] The previous federal district became the state of Guanabara, [8] but in 1975 it was reincorporated into its original state of Rio de Janeiro, becoming its capital as the city of Rio de Janeiro. [14]