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Resurfacing can be ablative, which vaporizes tissue and creates wounds, or non-ablative which keeps the skin intact. Laser resurfacing is usually done with a 2940 nm Er:YAG laser or a 10,600 nm CO 2 laser. Complete resurfacing was first done with a CO 2 laser. Both erbium and CO 2 are used to treat deep rhytides, sun damage and age spots.
"For deep wrinkles, CO2 ablative lasers remain the gold standard. For milder acne scars, non-ablative fractional lasers can be very effective while offering a gentler approach," says dermatologist ...
In another study, Jang et al. (2013) pre-treated 29 AK patients with an ablative CO 2 fractional laser, followed by 5-ALA-PDT treatment with varying incubation times. [22] The pre-treatment of laser showed improvement of clinical outcomes even with the short incubation time, with 70.6% of the AK lesions had a complete clinical response to PDT.
An Er:YAG laser (erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser, erbium YAG laser) is a solid-state laser whose active laser medium is erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:Y 3 Al 5 O 12). Er:YAG lasers typically emit light with a wavelength of 2940 nm , which is infrared light .
Laser ablation or photoablation (also called laser blasting [1] [2] [3]) is the process of removing material from a solid (or occasionally liquid) surface by irradiating it with a laser beam. At low laser flux, the material is heated by the absorbed laser energy and evaporates or sublimates .
Laser surgery is a type of surgery that cuts tissue using a laser in contrast to using a scalpel. [ 1 ] Soft-tissue laser surgery is used in a variety of applications in humans ( general surgery , neurosurgery , ENT , dentistry , orthodontics , [ 2 ] and oral and maxillofacial surgery ) as well as veterinary [ 3 ] surgical fields.
Small oil application device for Singer sewing machines. Cycle oil is a light lubricating oil suited for use on bicycles and similar devices. [citation needed] It is a liquid residue produced in the petroleum industry when catalytic cracking is employed to convert heavy hydrocarbon fractions remaining from earlier stages of crude oil refining into more valuable lighter products.
Next, fractional crystallization is usually an inherently safe technology, because it operates at low pressures and low temperatures. Also, it does not use any solvents and is emission-free. Finally, since the latent heat of solidification is 3–6x lower than the heat of evaporation , the energy consumption is – in comparison to distillation ...